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| Terms | Type | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| random number generation task | task | A task in which the subject generates a series of random numbers. |
| random-dot motion task | task | |
| Rapid Automatized Naming Test | task | "Participants are required to name, as rapidly as possible, items presented visually on a chart. Each chart contains five rows of 10 stimuli from a category of five items. Categories include colors, lowercase letters, digits, and common objects... |
| Rapid Serial Object Transformation | task | A task where two sets of differently colored superimposed patterns of dots rotate in opposite directions. The participant is asked to pay attention to on set of dots. One of the sets of dots will then move across the screen and the participant must say which direction the dots are moving... |
| rapid serial visual presentation task | task | |
| Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices | task | |
| reading | concept | Decoding symbols to derive their meaning. |
| Reading (Covert) | task | Subjects view words, pseudo-words, Asian characters, phrases, or sentences and read them silently. |
| Reading (Overt) | task | Subjects view words, pseudo-words, Asian characters, phrases, or sentences and read them aloud. |
| reading span task | task | A task that requires participants to read series of unconnected sentences aloud and to remember the final word of each sentence of a series (grouped according to the total number of sentences). With each sentence presented on a card, participants were cued to recall the memorized end-of-sentence words in their original order by a blank card at the end of a series... |
| reappraisal task | task | |
| reasoning | concept | drawing of inferences or conclusions through the use of reason. |
| recall | concept | The process of retrieving previously stored information, done without the aid of external cues. |
| recall test | task | A test in which the subject is asked to produce a list of previously studied items. |
| recency judgment task | task | |
| Recitation/Repetition (Covert) | task | Subjects silently repeat or recite phonemes, words, or well-known text (nursery rhymes, Pledge of Allegiance, months of the year, etc.). |
| Recitation/Repetition (Overt) | task | Subjects repeat or recite phonemes, words, or well-known text (nursery rhymes, Pledge of Allegiance, months of the year, etc.) aloud. |
| recognition | concept | a memory test that involves picking out (or recognizing) a studied item from a list of possible items |
| recognition memory test | task | In a recognition memory test, a participant is presented with some or all of a set of "old" stimuli that were encoded earlier, as well as several "new" stimuli that were not previously presented... |
| reconsolidation | concept | the process of previously consolidated memories being recalled and actively consolidated, it is a distinct process that serves to maintain, strengthen and modify memories that are already stored in the long-term memory. |
| regret | concept | an emotional response to remembrance of a past state, condition, or experience that one wishes had been different |
| rehearsal | concept | something recounted or told again; a practice exercise. The repetition of information in an attempt to maintain it longer in memory. |
| rehearsal loop | concept | or phonological loop, also called the phonetic loop or the articulatory loop, is the part of working memory that rehearses verbal information. It consists of two parts: a short-term phonological store with auditory memory traces that are subject to rapid decay and an articulatory rehearsal component that can revive the memory traces... |
| relational learning | concept | learning to differentiate among stimuli on the basis of relational properties (e.g., the larger of two stimuli) rather than absolute properties (e.g., the stimulus that has a given size). |
| relational reasoning task | task | |
| remember/know task | task | No definition submitted yet. |
| remembering | concept | the process of consciously reviving or bringing to awareness previous events, experiences, or information. Remembering also involves the process of retaining such material, which is essential to learning... |
| remote memory | concept | memory for events of long ago as opposed to recent events. |
| repressed memory | concept | A memory (often traumatic) that is unavailable for recall. |
| resource limit | concept | the maximum amount of brain resources that can be allocated to various, often competing cognitive processes |
| resource sharing | concept | is a unique characteristic of humans and several primates that involve sharing resources such as food, shelter, etc., as a collective risk-reduction against variability in resource supply. |
| response inhibition | concept | Suppression of actions that are inappropriate in a given context and that interfere with goal-driven behavior. |
| Response Mapping Task | task | No definition submitted yet. |
| response selection | concept | The selection of one action from a set of possible actions. |
| Rest | task | Subjects rest passively with their eyes open or closed. Often used as a baseline for comparison for other tasks. |
| retention | concept | a preservation of the aftereffects of experience and learning that makes recall or recognition possible. Persistence of learned behavior or experience during a period when it is not being performed o r practiced... |
| retrieval | concept | The process of accessing information from memory or other storage devices; the possibility of recovery, restoration, or rectification. Retrieval is the third stage of memory after encoding and retention. |
| retrieval cue | concept | An event or experience that facilitates retrieval of information from long-term memory because of its association to that information. |
| retrieval-induced forgetting task | task | No definition submitted yet. |
| retroactive interference | concept | impeded retrieval and performance of previously learnt information due to newly acquired and practiced information. |
| reversal learning task | task | "Reversal learning involves the adaptation of behavior according to changes in stimulus–reward contingencies [...] [Reversal learning]is exemplified by visual discrimination tasks where subjects must learn to respond according to the opposite, previously irrelevant, stimulus–reward pairing... |
| reward | concept | A positive return for performance of a specific behavior. |
| Reward Task | task | Disambiguation |
| Reward Task () | concept | Subjects perform a task in which correct performance is associated with reward, often monetary reward. |
| Reward Task (reward response) | concept | Subjects are given an option of an action that dispenses rewards and the extent to which they select this action is measured. |
| Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task | task | No definition submitted yet. |
| Rey-Ostereith Complex Figure Test | task | No definition submitted yet. |
| Reynell Developmental Language Scales | task | No definition submitted yet. |
| Rhyme verification task | task | Stimuli are presented in pairs (either words or pseudowords) and the subject is asked to judge whether the pair of stimuli rhyme with one another. |
| rhythm | concept | Movement marked by the regulated succession of strong and weak elements, or of opposite or different conditions. While rhythm most commonly applies to sound, such as music and spoken language, it may also refer to visual presentation, as timed movement through space. |
| risk | concept | the probability or likelihood that an event will occur; possibility of loss or injury; someone or something that creates or suggests a hazard; the chance that an investment will lose value. |
| risk seeking | concept | The willingness of an individual to choose an option with a less-than-certain probability of reward over an option with a certain reward of equal or higher expected value. |
| Risky Gains task | task | Subjects are presented with a sequence of three numbers in ascending order (20, 40, and 80). Each number is displayed onscreen for one second and, if the subject presses a button while that number is displayed, he/she receives that number of points along with immediate positive visual and auditory feedback... |
| Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test | task | comprises a number of subtests focused on providing objective measures of everyday memory performance in people with observed and/or reported memory difficulties. |
| route knowledge | concept | is represented as a series of directions to follow to get from one place to another. |
| routine | concept | a regular course of procedure; habitual or mechanical performance of an established procedure; a reiterated speech or formula; a sequence of computer instructions for performing a particular task. |
| Rubber Hand Illusion | task | One hand is occluded from sight and an artificial hand is lying in front of the participant. Synchronious paint brush strokes are applied to the same fingers of the occluded hand and the artificial hand... |
| rule | concept | a prescribed guide for conduct or action; an accepted procedure, custom, or habit; a usually valid generalization; a determinate method for performing a mathematical operation and obtaining a certain result; the exercise of authority or control. |
| rule learning | concept | process in which a participant gradually acquires knowledge about a fixed but unstated standard that defines, for example, the acceptability of a response or membership of category |