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| Terms | Type | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| iconic memory | concept | very brief sensory memory of some visual stimuli, that occur in the form of mental pictures. |
| illocutionary force | concept | a speaker's intention in delivering an utterance. |
| imageability | concept | is a property of a word or concept reflecting how easy or difficult it is to visually or acoustically imagine. |
| imagery | concept | an experience that, on most occasions, significantly resembles the experience of perceiving some object, event, or scene, but occurs when the relevant object, event, or scene is not actually present to the senses. |
| Imagined Movement | task | Subjects imagine performing some movement (e.g., finger tapping, reaching). |
| Imagined Objects/Scenes | task | Subject generate vivid images of objects, places, concepts, hypothetical events (not in their past), or the completion of tasks. |
| immediate recall test | task | involves presenting a subject with material that is to be memorized. Once the material is removed the subject is to immediately demonstrate everything that they remember from the material. |
| implicit knowledge | concept | knowledge that is kept in a person’s mind without necessarily being expressed in words and is often acted on instinctively. |
| implicit memory | concept | Type of memory in which experiences increases performance of task without one's conscious awareness of these previous experiences. This type of memory applies to habit learning, skills, conditioning. |
| imprinting | concept | a rapid learning process that takes place early in the life of a social animal and establishes a behavior pattern (as recognition of and attraction to its own kind or a substitute). |
| inattention | concept | The failure to process an external stimulus (often refers to sensory stimuli). |
| incidental learning | concept | Learning without explicit knowledge of doing so, but occurring through interaction with the environment (e.g., by observation/copying of behavior or response to reinforcement). |
| incubation | concept | (psychology) the process of thinking about a problem subconsciously while being involved in other activities; (medical) the time between being exposed to infection and showing first symptoms. |
| indignation | concept | anger aroused by something unjust, unworthy, or mean. |
| induction | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| inductive inference | concept | theory of prediction based on observations. |
| inductive reasoning | concept | reasoning from a specific case or cases and deriving a general rule, drawing inferences from observations in order to make generalizations. |
| Inductive reasoning aptitude | task | is a measurable aptitude for how well a person can identify a pattern within a large amount of data. |
| inference | concept | the act of passing from one proposition, statement, or judgment considered as true to another whose truth is believed to follow from that of the former; the act of passing from statistical sample data to generalizations (as of the value of population parameters) usually with calculated degrees of certainty. |
| inhibition | concept | The process by which a response (neural or behavioral) is diminished. |
| inhibition of return | concept | the observation that the speed and accuracy with which an object is detected are first briefly enhanced (for perhaps 100-300 milliseconds) after the object is attended, and then detection speed and accuracy are impaired (for perhaps 500-3000 milliseconds). |
| insight | concept | In problem solving, the moment at which an underlying relation between cause and effect is discovered/identified. |
| instinct | concept | a natural or inherent aptitude, impulse, or capacity; a largely inheritable and unalterable tendency of an organism to make a complex and specific response to environmental stimuli without involving reason, behavior that is mediated by reactions below the conscious level. |
| instrumental conditioning | concept | A learning process in which the consequences of an action are used to modify the likelihood that that action will reoccur. |
| instrumental learning | concept | learning based on reward; a form of learning that takes place as a direct consequence of a reward or pleasant outcome for the learner. |
| Instrumental learning task | task | A task in which a subject learns to respond through rewards. |
| integration | concept | the act or process or an instance of integrating; coordination of mental processes into a normal effective personality or with the individual's environment; the operation of finding a function whose differential is known. |
| intelligence | concept | the ability to learn or understand or to deal with new or trying situations; the skilled use of reason; the ability to apply knowledge to manipulate one's environment or to think abstractly as measured by objective criteria; the ability to perform computer functions. |
| intention | concept | an act or instance of determining mentally upon some action or result; meaning or significance. |
| intentional forgetting | concept | the purposeful forgetting of information that is no longer needed. |
| intentional learning | concept | learning that is motivated with intention and is usually goal directed. |
| intentionality | concept | the state of having or being formed by an intention; (philosophy) the property of being about or directed toward a subject, as inherent in conscious states, beliefs, or creations of the mind, such as sentences or books... |
| interference | concept | the act or process of interfering, obstruction; the mutual effect on meeting of two wave trains (as of light or sound) that constitutes alternating areas of increased and decreased amplitude (as light and dark lines or louder and softer sound); partial or complete inhibition or sometimes facilitation of other genetic crossovers in the vicinity of a chromosomal locus where a preceding crossover has occurred; confusion of a received radio signal due to the presence of noise or signals from two or more transmitters on a single frequency; the disturbing effect of new learning on the performance of previously learned behavior with which it is inconsistent. |
| interference resolution | concept | The process of selecting information with regard to its relevance to an ongoing task. |
| intermediate term memory | concept | a specialized term referring for information about a current task. |
| Intermodal Preferential Looking Paradigm | task | A paradigm to test infant's comprehension about linguistic stimuli. The infants are exposed to two visual stimuli at the same time they hear an auditory stimulus corresponding to only one of the seen images ... |
| internal speech | concept | also known as inner voice, internal speech, or verbal stream of consciousness is thinking in words. It also refers to the semi-constant internal monologue one has with oneself at a conscious or semi-conscious level... |
| International Affective Picture System | task | a database of photographs used in emotion research. |
| interoceptive representation | concept | A representation of the internal state of the body |
| interrogative | concept | of, pertaining to, or conveying a question. |
| intonation | concept | the ability to play or sing notes in tune; manner of utterance, specifically the rise and fall in pitch of the voice in speech. |
| Intradimensional shift task | task | A task in which multiple (typically two) stimuli are presented simultaneously and the subject must select the stimulus that matches the currently relevant rule. The rule represents the relevant task "dimension"... |
| intrinsic motivation | concept | a highly desired form of incentive that stems from a person's internal desire for self-satisfaction or pleasure in performing the task itself. |
| introspection | concept | the self-observation and reporting of conscious inner thoughts, desires and sensations. It is a conscious mental and usually purposive process relying on thinking, reasoning, and examining one's own thoughts, feelings. |
| involuntary attention | concept | results when the conscious mind changes focus to sudden changes in the environment (big sound, intensity of light, unique situation etc.). The person is not prepared for the attention and the attention is not under control of the individual... |
| Iowa Gambling Task | task | a widely used experiment in the areas of cognition & emotion that was originally developed to assist in detecting decision-making impairment in patients with prefrontal cortex damage; a computerized experiment that is carried out in real time and resembles real-world contingencies... |
| irony | concept | a situation, literary technique, or rhetorical device, in which there is an incongruity or discordance that goes strikingly beyond the most simple and evident meaning of words or actions. |
| Ishihara plates for color blindness | task | a test for red-green color deficiencies that consists of a number of colored plates, called Ishihara plates, each of which contain a circle of dots appearing randomized in color and size. Within the pattern are dots which form a number visible to those with normal color vision and invisible, or difficult to see, for those with a red-green color vision defect. |
| Isometric Force | task | Subjects use their hands or fingers to apply isometric force or complete a precision grip task. |
| item recognition task | task | No definition submitted yet. |