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| Terms | Type | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| backward chaining | concept | an inference method used in automated theorem provers, proof assistants and other artificial intelligence applications. Backward chaining starts with a list of goals (or a hypothesis) and works backwards from the consequent to the antecedent to see if there is data available that will support any of these consequents. |
| Backward digit span task | task | a test used to measure working memory, attention, concentration, and mental control. In a typical test of memory span, a list of random numbers or letters is read out loud or presented on a computer screen at the rate of one per second... |
| backward masking | task | a phenomenon wherein presenting one stimulus (a "mask" or "masking stimulus") immediately after another brief (≤ 50 ms) "target" stimulus leads to a failure to consciously perceive the first stimulus. |
| Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) | task | On each trial, participants pump a simulated balloon without knowing when it will explode. Each pump increases the potential reward to be gained but also the probability of explosion, whichwipesoutallpotentialgains for that trial... |
| behavioral inhibition | concept | Disambiguation |
| behavioral inhibition (cognitive) | concept | Often used as a synonym of "response inhibition" to describe the inhibition of actions. |
| behavioral inhibition (temperament) | concept | A temperamental characteristic described by shyness and social anxiety. |
| Behavioral Investment allocation strategy (BIAS) | task | On each trial, participants choose between two stocks (gain/loss gambles, one stochastically dominating the other) and one bond (a sure gain of $1). They must learn through trial-and-error the characteristics of the stocks, which change over blocks of trials... |
| Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function | task | used for evaluating and planning treatment strategies for a wide spectrum of developmental and acquired neurological conditions, including learning disabilities, low birth weight, ADHD, Tourette's disorder, Traumatic Brain Injury, and Autism; consists of 8 non-overlapping clinical scales that form two broader indexes: Behavior Regulation (three scales) and Metacognition (five scales)... |
| belief | concept | a state or habit of mind in which trust or confidence is placed in some person or thing; conviction of the truth of some statement or the reality of some being or phenomenon especially when based on examination of evidence. |
| Benton Facial Recognition Test | task | A tool used to assess deficits in facial recognition. |
| bimanual coordination task | task | |
| binocular convergence | concept | when you look at an object that is closer than approximately 25 feet, your eyes must converge on the object to perceive it as a single object clearly in focus." |
| binocular disparity | concept | the difference in image location of an object seen by the left and right eyes, resulting from the eyes' horizontal separation. The brain uses binocular disparity to extract depth information from the two-dimensional retinal images in stereopsis. |
| binocular vision | concept | is vision in which both eyes are used together. Having two eyes confers at least four advantages over having one. First, it gives a creature a spare eye in case one is damaged. Second, it gives a wider field of view... |
| biological motion task | task | |
| Birmingham Object Recognition Battery | task | a set of standardized procedures for assessing neuropsychological disorders of visual object recognition which includes tests to assess low-level aspects of visual perception (using same-different matching of basic perceptual features, such as orientation, length, position and object size), intermediate visual processes (e... |
| bitterness | concept | being or inducing the one of the four basic taste sensations that is peculiarly acrid, astringent, or disagreeable; marked by intensity or severity; marked by cynicism and rancor; intensely unpleasant especially in coldness or rawness; expressive of severe pain, grief, or regret. |
| Block Design Test | task | The Block Design is a subtest of Perceptual Reasoning index of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale IV. The Block Design test measures spatial perception, visual abstract processing, and problem solving. |
| Block Tapping Test | task | tool used for assessment of visual short-term memory and implicit visual-spatial learning. An examiner taps a series of blocks and the subject must repeat in the correct sequential order. If the sequence is correct, the examiner adds another tap to the next sequence. |
| body orientation | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| body representation | concept | A mental representation of one's own body |
| Boston Naming Test | task | assesses the ability to name pictures of objects through spontaneous responses and need for various types of cueing, inferences can be drawn regarding language facility and possible localization of cerebral damage. |
| Braille Reading Task | task | Blind subjects read Braille words with their finger(s). |
| Breath-Holding | task | Subjects hold their breath as examiner measures mean blood flow velocity divided by time to find the breath-holding index (BHI). Measures cerebral hemodynamic auto-regulation. |
| Brixton Spatial Anticipation Test | task | No definition submitted yet. |