Browse Terms
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| Terms | Type | Definition |
|---|---|---|
| abductive reasoning | concept | the first stage of scientific inquiries and of any interpretive processes; the process of adopting an explanatory hypothesis and covers two operations: the selection and the formation of plausible hypotheses... |
| abstract analogy | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| abstract knowledge | concept | Knowledge that is general and not tied to a specific instance. |
| acoustic coding | concept | a type of short term memory coding in which you remember information by the way it sounds. (from http://library.thinkquest.org/C0110291/about/glossary.php) |
| acoustic encoding | concept | the processing and encoding of sound, words, and all other auditory input for storage and later retrieval. (from Wikipedia) |
| acoustic phonetic processing | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| acoustic processing | concept | the extraction of information from signals propagated undersea, in the atmosphere, or in the solid earth in the presence of acoustic noise. (from answers.com) |
| acoustic reflex | concept | an involuntary muscle contraction that occurs in the middle ear of mammals in response to high-intensity sound stimuli. (From Wikipedia) |
| action | concept | the bringing about of an alteration by force or through a natural agency; expression by means of attitude, voice, and gesture; a function of the body or one of its parts; an act of will; a thing done; the accomplishment of a thing usually over a period of time, in stages, or with the possibility of repetition... |
| Action imitation task | task | A task in which a participant sees another person perform an action and later performs the same action him/herself. Imitation can be immediate or delayed. It can be instructed or elicited implicitly (without the participant's conscious awareness)... |
| action initiation | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| Action observation task | task | No definition submitted yet |
| action selection | concept | The selection of one action from a set of possible actions. |
| activation | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| activation level | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| active maintenance | concept | The maintenance of information in working memory through active (volitional) rather than passive means |
| active recall | concept | a principle of efficient learning, which claims the need to actively stimulate memory during the learning process. (from Wikipedia) |
| active retrieval | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| acuity | concept | keenness of perception. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| adaptation | concept | adjustment to environmental conditions; adjustment of a sense organ to the intensity or quality of stimulation; modification of an organism or its parts that makes it more fit for existence under the conditions of its environment... |
| adaptive control | concept | modifying the control law used by a controller to cope with the fact that the parameters of the system being controlled are slowly time-varying or uncertain. (from Wikipedia) |
| Adult Attachment Interview | task | a procedure for assessing adults' strategies for identifying, preventing, and protecting the self from perceived dangers, particularly dangers tied to intimate relationships. (from http://www.patcrittenden... |
| affect perception | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| affect recognition | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| agglutinative language | concept | is a language in which most words are made by stringing sets of morphemes together. Modern examples include Basque, Turkish, Hungarian, and Finnish. |
| allograph | concept | a letter of an alphabet in a particular shape; a letter or combination of letters that is one of several ways of representing one phoneme. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| allomorph | concept | any of the phonological representations of a single morpheme; any of two or more different crystalline forms of a chemical compound, such as a mineral. (from thefreedictionary.com) |
| allophone | concept | one of two or more variants of the same phoneme. (From merriam-webster.com) |
| altruism | concept | having the motivation to help others without reward. |
| altruistic motivation | concept | A desire or need to help others driven by selflessness |
| alveolar | concept | of, relating to, resembling, or having alveoli; of, relating to, or constituting the part of the jaws where the teeth arise, the air-containing compartments of the lungs, or glands with secretory cells about a central space; articulated with the tip of the tongue touching or near the teethridge... |
| amodal representation | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| analog representation | concept | a value or variable in analog form. (from computing-dictionary.com) |
| analogical encoding | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| analogical inference | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| analogical problem solving | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| analogical reasoning | concept | a method of processing information that compares the similarities between new and understood concepts, then uses those similarities to gain understanding of the new concept; a form of inductive reasoning... |
| analogical transfer | concept | The transfer of knowledge from one situation to another by finding a set of one-to-one correspondences between aspects of one body of information and aspects of another. |
| analogy | concept | inference that if two or more things agree with one another in some respects they will probably agree in others; resemblance in some particulars between things otherwise unlike; correspondence between the members of pairs or sets of linguistic forms that serves as a basis for the creation of another form; correspondence in function between anatomical parts of different structure and origin... |
| anchoring | concept | a neuro-linguistic programming term for the process by which memory recall, state change or other responses become associated with (anchored to) some stimulus, in such a way that perception of the stimulus (the anchor) leads by reflex to the anchored response occurring... |
| anomaly detection | concept | detecting patterns in a given data set that do not conform to an established normal behavior. (from Wikipedia) |
| anticipation | concept | The process before a certain event occurs |
| Antisaccade/prosaccade task | task | No definition submitted yet |
| apparent motion | concept | The illusory perception that movement is occurring in one or more static images. |
| apparent movement | concept | the subjective perception of movement when in fact no physical movement is taking place. (from psychology.wikia.com) |
| apperception | concept | the process by which new experience is assimilated to and transformed by the residuum of past experience of an individual to form a new whole. (From Wikipedia) |
| appetitive motivation | concept | behavior directed toward goals that are usually associated with positive hedonic processes. (From http://www.addictionscience.net/ASNreport01.htm) |
| arousal | concept | to rouse or stimulate to action or to physiological readiness for activity. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| articulation | concept | the action or manner of jointing or interrelating; the state of being jointed or interrelated; the act of giving utterance or expression; a joint or juncture between bones or cartilages in the skeleton of a vertebrate... |
| articulatory loop | concept | (also referred to as the ‘phonological loop’), is one of the subsystems postulated in Alan Baddeley’s multicomponent model of WORKING MEMORY, specialized for the temporary storage of verbal information, consisting of two sub-components, a phonological store and an articulatory rehearsal process... |
| articulatory planning | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| articulatory rehearsal | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| assimilation | concept | the process of receiving new facts or of responding to new situations in conformity with what is already available to consciousness. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| association | concept | an organization of persons having a common interest; something linked in memory or imagination with a thing or person; the process of forming mental connections or bonds between sensations, ideas, or memories... |
| association learning | concept | learning process in which a new response becomes associated with a particular stimulus. (from britannica.com) |
| associative intrusion | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| attachment | concept | the state of being personally attached; the physical connection by which one thing is attached to another; the process of physically attaching. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| attended channel | concept | the single input, out of multiple simultaneous inputs, a research subject is instructed to attend to. (from /psychology.lyana.ca//dictionary/attended-channel/) |
| attended stimulus | concept | the specific object in the environment on which our attention is focused. (From psychology.about.com) |
| attention | concept | the cognitive process of selectively concentrating on one aspect of the environment while ignoring other things. (from Wikipedia) |
| attention capacity | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| attention shift | concept | The change that occurs when information that is currently active in the mind is replaced by other information. The information content is typically sensory in nature. |
| attention shifting | concept | The process by which information that is currently relevant in the mind is replaced by other information. This information is typically sensory in nature but may also be semantic. |
| attention span | concept | Amount of time or space that an individual can dedicate to particular task or content without becoming distracted. |
| attentional blink task | task | No definition submitted yet |
| attentional effort | concept | a motivated activation of attention systems in order to stabilize or recover attentional performance in response to the detection of errors and reward loss or, more generally, deteriorating attentional performance... |
| attentional focusing | concept | The ability to focus attention on cues in the environment that are relevant to the task in hand. (from www.answers.com) |
| attentional resources | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| attentional state | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| attenuation | concept | to lessen the amount, force, magnitude, or value of; to reduce the severity, virulence, or vitality of. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| attitude | concept | a position assumed for a specific purpose; a mental position with regard to a fact or state; an organismic state of readiness to respond in a characteristic way to a stimulus (as an object, concept, or situation)... |
| audio-visual target-detection task | task | No definition submitted yet |
| audiovisual perception | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| audition | concept | the power or sense of hearing; the act of hearing. (From merriam-webster.com) |
| auditory | concept | of or relating to hearing; attained, experienced, or produced through or as if through hearing; marked by great susceptibility to impressions and reactions produced by acoustic stimuli. (From http://www... |
| auditory attention | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| auditory coding | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| auditory encoding | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| auditory feedback | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| auditory grouping | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| auditory imagery | concept | the subjective experience of hearing in the absence of auditory stimulation. (from Wikipedia) |
| auditory learning | concept | a learning style in which a person learns through listening. (From Wikipedia) |
| auditory lexical access | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| auditory localization | concept | a listener's ability to identify the location or origin of a detected sound. (from psychology.wikia.com) |
| auditory masking | concept | the perception of one sound is affected by the presence of another sound. (from Wikipedia) |
| auditory memory | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| auditory perception | concept | The ability to identify, interpret, and attach meaning to sound. (From medterms.com) |
| auditory scene | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| auditory scene analysis | concept | the process by which the human auditory system organizes sound into perceptually meaningful elements. (from Wikipedia) |
| auditory sentence comprehension | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| auditory stream segregation | concept | the perceptual grouping of sounds, to form coherent representations of objects in the acoustic scene, and is a fundamental aspect of hearing and speech perception. (from http://jn.physiology.org/cgi/content/short/92/2/1088, Primitive Auditory Stream Segregation: A Neurophysiological Study in the Songbird Forebrain, Mark A... |
| auditory word comprehension | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| auditory word recognition | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| auditory working memory | concept | Working memory for auditory information |
| autobiographical memory | concept | a memory system consisting of episodes recollected from an individual’s life, based on a combination of episodic (personal experiences and specific objects, people and events experienced at particular time and place) and semantic (general knowledge and facts about the world) memory... |
| autobiographical recall | concept | episodes recollected from an individual’s life, based on a combination of episodic (personal experiences and specific objects, people and events experienced at particular time and place) and semantic (general knowledge and facts about the world) memory... |
| automaticity | concept | largely or wholly involuntary; especially; acting or done spontaneously or unconsciously; done or produced as if by machine; having a self-acting or self-regulating mechanism. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| availability heuristic | concept | A heuristic in which people predict the frequency of classes or the probability of events based on the ease with which relevant instances come to mind. |
| aversive learning | concept | behavior modification using an adverse stimulus in response to the inappropriate or undesirable behavior. (from http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aversive+conditioning) |
| awareness | concept | having knowledge or cognizance. (from thefreedictionary.com) |
| AX-CPT task | task | A version of the continuous performance task in which subjects are told to make one response for the letter X when it was preceded by the letter A, and another response for all other stimuli. |
| babinski reflex | concept | Pathological version of the plantar reflex in the foot. Normal response involves flexing of toes inward upon stimulation of the sole of the foot. Abnormal response (Babinski) involves extension/fanning of toes... |
| backward chaining | concept | an inference method used in automated theorem provers, proof assistants and other artificial intelligence applications. Backward chaining starts with a list of goals (or a hypothesis) and works backwards from the consequent to the antecedent to see if there is data available that will support any of these consequents... |
| Backward digit span task | task | a test used to measure working memory, attention, concentration, and mental control. In a typical test of memory span, a list of random numbers or letters is read out loud or presented on a computer screen at the rate of one per second... |
| backward masking | concept | a phenomenon wherein presenting one stimulus (a "mask" or "masking stimulus") immediately after another brief (≤ 50 ms) "target" stimulus leads to a failure to consciously perceive the first stimulus... |
| behavioral inhibition | concept | Disambiguation |
| behavioral inhibition (cognitive) | concept | Often used as a synonym of "response inhibition" to describe the inhibition of actions. |
| behavioral inhibition (temperament) | concept | A temperamental characteristic described by shyness and social anxiety. |
| Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function | task | used for evaluating and planning treatment strategies for a wide spectrum of developmental and acquired neurological conditions, including learning disabilities, low birth weight, ADHD, Tourette's disorder, Traumatic Brain Injury, and Autism; consists of 8 non-overlapping clinical scales that form two broader indexes: Behavior Regulation (three scales) and Metacognition (five scales)... |
| belief | concept | a state or habit of mind in which trust or confidence is placed in some person or thing; conviction of the truth of some statement or the reality of some being or phenomenon especially when based on examination of evidence... |
| Benton Facial Recognition Test | task | A tool used to assess deficits in facial recognition. |
| bilabial | concept | a consonant produced with both lips. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| binocular convergence | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| binocular depth cue | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| binocular disparity | concept | the difference in image location of an object seen by the left and right eyes, resulting from the eyes' horizontal separation. The brain uses binocular disparity to extract depth information from the two-dimensional retinal images in stereopsis... |
| binocular vision | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| Birmingham Object Recognition Battery | task | No definition submitted yet |
| bitterness | concept | being or inducing the one of the four basic taste sensations that is peculiarly acrid, astringent, or disagreeable; marked by intensity or severity; marked by cynicism and rancor; intensely unpleasant especially in coldness or rawness; expressive of severe pain, grief, or regret... |
| blind spot | concept | an obscuration of the visual field. (physiological blind spot, medical literature) the place in the visual field that corresponds to the lack of light-detecting photoreceptor cells on the optic disc of the retina where the optic nerve passes through it... |
| Block Design Test | task | The Block Design is a subtest of Perceptual Reasoning index of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale IV. The Block Design test measures spatial perception, visual abstract processing, and problem solving. |
| Block Tapping Test | task | tool used for assessment of the capacity of the visual short-term memory and of the implicit visual-spatial learning. (from http://www.lafayetteevaluation.com/product_detail.asp?ItemID=359) |
| body orientation | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| Boston Naming Test | task | No definition submitted yet |
| California Verbal Learning Test-II | task | A comprehensive and detailed assessment of verbal learning and memory available for older adolescents and adults. In addition to recall and recognition scores, it measures encoding strategies, learning rates, error types, and other process data... |
| Cambridge Face Memory Test | task | No definition submitted yet |
| capacity limitation | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| case based reasoning | concept | the process of solving new problems based on the solutions of similar past problems. (from Wikipedia) |
| categorical clustering | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| categorical knowledge | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| categorical perception | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| categorization | concept | the process in which ideas and objects are recognized, differentiated and understood. (From Wikipedia) |
| category based induction | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| category fluency test | task | No definition submitted yet |
| category learning | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| causal inference | concept | The process of defining that one state/object/event determines the occurrence of another state/object/event. |
| central attention | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| Central Coherence | concept | A person's ability to understand things in context |
| central executive | concept | The core mental process of working memory that allows for information that is stored in short-term memory to be actively manipulated (e.g., mental arithmetic). The term 'central executive' is typically associated with psychologist Alan Baddeley's "Model of Working Memory". |
| centration | concept | the tendency to focus on one aspect of a situation and neglect others. (from Wikipedia) |
| chemonociception | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| Chimeric Animal Stroop Task | task | A task in which participants are shown pictures of chimeric animals (such as a duck's head attached to a cow's body) and asked to name animal that the head belongs to while ignoring the identity of the body, or vice versa... |
| choice | concept | the mental process of judging the merits of multiple options and selecting one of them. (from Wikipedia) |
| choice reaction time task | task | No definition submitted yet |
| chromatic contrast | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| chunk | concept | Structure in memory that is used as a unit of knowledge representation. Also refers to the process of learning by which these units are acquired. |
| chunking | concept | The process of recoding information by splitting or reorganizing it into smaller parts. |
| Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-3 | task | 3rd edition of an assessment used to evaluate the nature and extent of language difficulties in school children and adolescents. (from www.psychcorp.co.uk/Psychology) |
| clustering | concept | the assignment of a set of observations into subsets (called clusters) so that observations in the same cluster are similar in some sense. Clustering is a method of unsupervised learning, and a common technique for statistical data analysis... |
| cochlear microphonic | concept | the electrical potential generated in the hair cells of the organ of Corti in response to acoustic stimulation. (from medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com) |
| cognition | concept | The process of thought; includes all psychological/mental functions that allow for subsequent reflection given some information. |
| cognitive control | concept | The top-down modulation of cognitive processes based on higher-order representations such as goals or plans. |
| cognitive development | concept | the construction of thought processes, including remembering, problem solving, and decision-making, from childhood through adolescence to adulthood. (from http://www.healthofchildren.com/C/Cognitive-Development... |
| cognitive dissonance | concept | The mental state in which a person holds multiple conflicting ideas simultaneously |
| cognitive effort | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| cognitive heuristic | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| cognitive load | concept | The amount of demand placed on working memory, typically expressed along some continuum and within a theoretical maximum. |
| cognitive map | concept | a type of mental processing composed of a series of psychological transformations by which an individual can acquire, code, store, recall, and decode information about the relative locations and attributes of phenomena in their everyday or metaphorical spatial environment... |
| coherence | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| cohesion | concept | (computer science) a measure of how well the lines of source code within a module work together to provide a specific piece of functionality. In object-oriented programming, the degree to which a method implements a single function... |
| color perception | concept | The process of distinguishing objects based on the wavelengths of the light they reflect or emit. |
| color-discrimination task | task | No definition submitted yet |
| Color-word Stroop Task | task | A task in which single words (including names of colors) are presented in colored ink, and the subject is asked to name the color of the ink as quickly as possible. The ink color may either match or conflict with the color name... |
| communication | concept | a process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior. (From Wikipedia) |
| competition | concept | the act or process of competing; active demand by two or more organisms or kinds of organisms for some environmental resource in short supply; a contest between rivals. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| comprehension | concept | the act or action of grasping with the intellect, understanding; the capacity for understanding fully. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| concept | concept | a cognitive unit of meaning—an abstract idea or a mental symbol sometimes defined as a "unit of knowledge," built from other units which act as a concept's characteristics. (from Wikipedia) |
| concept learning | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| conceptual category | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| conceptual coherence | concept | combining a set concepts to make sense of a situation or set of situations. (from http://cogsci.uwaterloo.ca/Articles/Pages/CCCC.html#anchor02) |
| conceptual planning | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| conceptual skill | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| conceptualization | concept | to form a concept of; to interpret (from merriam-webster.com) |
| conditional reasoning | concept | the reasoner must draw a conclusion based on a conditional, or “if…then,” proposition. (From britannica.com) |
| conflict detection | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| conjunctive search | concept | the process of searching for a target that is not defined by any single unique visual feature, but by a combination of two or more features. (from Wikipedia) |
| connotation | concept | the suggesting of a meaning by a word apart from the thing it explicitly names or describes; something suggested by a word or thing; the signification of something; an essential property or group of properties of a thing named by a term in logic... |
| consciousness | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| consolidation | concept | the process of uniting, the quality or state of being united. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| consonant | concept | being in agreement or harmony; having similar sounds; relating to or exhibiting consonance. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| consonant cluster | concept | a group of consonants which have no intervening vowel. (From Wikipedia) |
| constancy | concept | steadfastness of mind under duress; a state of being constant or unchanging. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| constituent structure | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| context | concept | A set of interrelated conditions in which something exists or occurs (e.g., a style of language in a particular passage, activity of a given regions given sensory input). |
| context dependent | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| context memory | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| contextual knowledge | concept | information, and/or skills that have particular meaning because of the conditions that form part of their description. (from http://www.ncrel.org/sdrs/areas/issues/content/currclum/cu3lk8.htm) |
| contingency learning | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| Continuous Performance Task | task | A task in which subjects are presented with a stream of letters, and must respond to one of the letters and refrain from responding to any other letters. |
| continuous recognition paradigm | task | No definition submitted yet |
| contrastive stress | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| conventionality | concept | the quality, fact, or condition of being conventional; conventional behavior or act; a conventional form, usage, or rule. (from yourdictionary.com) |
| convergence | concept | the approach toward a definite value, a definite point, a common view or opinion, or toward a fixed or equilibrium state. (From Wikipedia) |
| convergent thinking | concept | analytical, usually deductive, thinking in which ideas are examined for their logical validity or in which a set of rules is followed. (from thefreedictionary.com) |
| conversation | concept | An exchange of sentiments, observations, opinions, or ideas. (From merriam-webster.com) |
| conversational norm | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| conversational speech | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| conversational structure | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| coordination | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| coproduction | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| coreference | concept | a relationship between two words or phrases in which both refer to the same person or thing and one stands as a linguistic antecedent of the other. (from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/coreference) |
| CPT | task | A continuous performance task |
| creative cognition | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| creative problem solving | concept | the mental process of independently creating a solution to a problem without learned assistance. (from Wikipedia) |
| creative thinking | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| critical period | concept | a limited time in which an event can occur, usually to result in some kind of transformation; in developmental psychology and developmental biology, it is a time in the early stages of an organism's life during which it displays a heightened sensitivity to certain environmental stimuli, and develops in particular ways due to experiences at this time... |
| crosstalk | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| crystallized intelligence | concept | the ability to utilize previously acquired knowledge and experience (from Psychology Wiki) |
| cue dependent forgetting | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| cue validity | concept | the conditional probability that an object falls in a particular category given a particular feature or cue. (From Wikiepdia) |
| cueing | concept | to give/present a stimulus that prompts a reaction. |
| culture | concept | the integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior that depends upon the capacity for learning and transmitting knowledge to succeeding generations; the customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group; the characteristic features of everyday existence shared by people in a place or time; the set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution or organization; the set of values, conventions, or social practices associated with a particular field, activity, or societal characteristic... |
| Cups task | task | No definition submitted yet |
| cyclicity | concept | the quality of recurring at regular intervals. (From thefreedictionary.com) |
| dative | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| dative shift | concept | a grammatical process by which an oblique argument of a verb, usually one functioning as a recipient or a benefactive (roles often expressed by datives), is placed in the same grammatical role as a patient, increasing the valency of the verb and forming a clause with two objects... |
| deactivation | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| decay of activation | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| deception | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| decision | concept | The outcome of a process during which a choice is made, usually between several possible options |
| decision making | concept | the mental processes (cognitive process) resulting in the selection of a course of action among several alternatives. (from Wikipedia) |
| decision making stage | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| declarative knowledge | concept | Knowledge that is descriptive and includes knowing "that" rather than knowing "how" (can be expressed in declarative sentences). |
| declarative memory | concept | Memory for facts, and that can be consciously articulated such as by recall or recognition. |
| declarative rule | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| deductive inference | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| deductive reasoning | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| deep processing | concept | fully analyzing information in terms of its meaning and importance. (from http://www.uark.edu/misc/lampinen/LOP.html) |
| deep structure | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| delayed match to sample task | task | No definition submitted yet |
| delayed nonmatch to sample task | task | A task in which an target is presented and then removed from view. This target must be maintained in working memory for a delay, after which it is presented with non-target(s). The participant's task is to identify the non-target. |
| delayed recall test | task | A task in which participants are given information to remember (list of words or paragraph) and which they are asked to reproduce after some span of time. |
| delayed recognition task | task | The subject is presented with a set of stimuli called the target set, and must maintain those stimuli over a delay. A probe appears after the delay, and the subject must respond whether the probe was in the target set. |
| depth cue | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| depth perception | concept | Ability to perceive the visual world in three dimensions. |
| desire | concept | to long or hope for, exhibit or feel desire for; to express a wish for. (From merriam-webster.com) |
| determinant | concept | an element that identifies or determines the nature of something or that fixes or conditions an outcome; a square array of numbers bordered on the left and right by a vertical line and having a value equal to the algebraic sum of all possible products where the number of factors in each product is the same as the number of rows or columns, each factor in a given product is taken from a different row and column, and the sign of a product is positive or negative depending upon whether the number of permutations necessary to place the indices representing each factor's position in its row or column in the order of the natural numbers is odd or even... |
| diacritic | concept | a mark near or through an orthographic or phonetic character or combination of characters indicating a phonetic value different from that given the unmarked or otherwise marked element. (from merriam-webster... |
| dialect | concept | a regional variety of language distinguished by features of vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation from other regional varieties and constituting together with them a single language; one of two or more cognate languages; a variety of a language used by the members of a group; a variety of language whose identity is fixed by a factor other than geography (as social class)... |
| Digit span task | task | A task in which participants are presented with sequentially presented digits and are then asked to recall the items. The number of digits that can be correctly recalled provides an estimate of working memory capacity. |
| Digit/Symbol Coding test | task | No definition submitted yet |
| diphthong | concept | a gliding monosyllabic speech sound (as the vowel combination at the end of toy) that starts at or near the articulatory position for one vowel and moves to or toward the position of another. (from merriam-webster... |
| discourse | concept | the capacity of orderly thought or procedure, verbal interchange of ideas; formal and orderly and usually extended expression of thought on a subject, connected speech or writing, linguistic unit larger than a sentence... |
| discourse comprehension | concept | Discourse comprehension is the act of interpreting a written or spoken message by integrating the incoming information into the memory or knowledge structures of the interpreter. (from http://www.blackwellreference... |
| discourse knowledge | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| discourse planning | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| discourse processing | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| discourse production | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| dispositions | concept | The willful process of executing a plan or activity |
| distraction | concept | Any event that interrupts a mental process. |
| distributed coding | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| divergent thinking | concept | a thought process or method used to generate creative ideas by exploring many possible solutions. (from Wikipedia) |
| divided attention | concept | The process by which an individual can perform multiple non-automatic tasks at the same time. |
| Doors and People Test | task | Doors and People is a test of long-term memory. It yields a single age-scaled overall score which can be ‘unpacked’ to give separate measures of visual and verbal memory, recall and recognition, and forgetting... |
| drawl | concept | A drawl is a perceived feature of some varieties of spoken English, and generally indicates longer vowel sounds and/or diphthongs. Varieties of English which are said to feature pronounced drawls include Southern American English, Californian English and Australian English, especially Broad Australian English. |
| dream | concept | a succession of thoughts, images, sounds or emotions which the mind experiences during sleep. (from Wikipedia) |
| echoic memory | concept | refers to the phenomenon in which there is a brief mental echo that continues to sound after an auditory stimulus has been heard. (from Wikipedia) |
| echolocation | concept | the general method of locating objects by determining the time for an echo to return and the direction from which it returns, as by radar or sonar. (from dictionary.com) |
| edge detection | concept | a fundamental tool in image processing and computer vision, particularly in the areas of feature detection and feature extraction, which aim at identifying points in a digital image at which the image brightness changes sharply or more formally has discontinuities... |
| Edinburgh Handedness Inventory | task | a measurement scale used to assess the dominance of a person's right or left hand in everyday activities. (from Wikipedia) |
| efficiency | concept | the quality or degree of being efficient; effective operation as measured by a comparison of production with cost (as in energy, time, and money); the ratio of the useful energy delivered by a dynamic system to the energy supplied to it... |
| effort | concept | conscious exertion of power; a serious attempt; something produced by exertion or trying; effective force as distinguished from the possible resistance called into action by such a force; the total work done to achieve a particular end... |
| effortful processing | concept | learning or storing (encoding) that requires attention and effort. (from http://www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition.cfm?term=effortful%20processing) |
| egocentric | concept | concerned with the individual rather than society; limited in outlook or concern to one's own activities or needs. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| elaborative processing | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| elaborative rehearsal | concept | a type of rehearsal proposed by Craik and Lockhart (1972) in their Levels of Processing model of memory. Elaborative rehearsal involves deep semantic processing of a to-be-remembered item resulting in the production of durable memories... |
| Embedded Figures Test | task | In the embedded Figures Test, the research participant is shown a complex background figure and asked to describe it. After this, the participant is shown a target (such as the outline of a triangle) and asked to locate the target amid the background figure. |
| emotion | concept | a complex psychological phenomenon occurring in some organisms (namely humans), involving physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience; associated with mood, temperament, personality and disposition, and motivation... |
| emotion perception | concept | The process involving understanding feelings with different valences of oneself or of others |
| emotion recognition | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| emotional bonding | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| emotional decision making | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| emotional expression | concept | observable verbal and nonverbal behavior that communicates emotion with or without self-awareness. (from Wikipedia) |
| emotional intelligence | concept | the capacity, skill or ability to identify, assess, and manage the emotions of one's self, of others, and of groups. (From Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotional_intelligence) |
| emotional memory | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| emotional mimicry | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| emotional recognition | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| emotional suppression | concept | a form of emotion regulation defined as the conscious inhibition of emotional expressive behavior while emotionally aroused. (from http://psycnet.apa.org/index.cfm?fa=search.displayRecord&uid=1993-36668-001)(doi: 10... |
| empathy | concept | the imaginative projection of a subjective state into an object so that the object appears to be infused with it; the action of understanding, being aware of, being sensitive to, and vicariously experiencing the feelings, thoughts, and experience of another of either the past or present without having the feelings, thoughts, and experience fully communicated in an objectively explicit manner, also the capacity for this... |
| encoding | concept | In memory :A process during which items/event are stored into memory |
| epiglottal | concept | of, relating to, or produced with the aid of the epiglottis. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| episodic buffer | concept | A theoretical construct that is part of Alan Baddeley's working memory model and the object of which is to integrate information across sensory domains and communicate with long term memory in the service of working memory... |
| episodic learning | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| episodic memory | concept | memory of autobiographical events (times, places, associated emotions, and other contextual knowledge) that can be explicitly stated. (from Wikipedia) |
| ergative | concept | of, relating to, or being a language (as Inuit or Georgian) in which the objects of transitive verbs and subjects of intransitive verbs are typically marked by the same linguistic forms; being an inflectional morpheme that typically marks the subject of a transitive verb in an ergative language... |
| Eriksen flanker task | task | A task in which participants view stimuli (typically arrows) presented one at a time and to which they must make a simple lexical response. These stimuli are surrounded by either distracting or facilitating items... |
| error detection | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| error signal | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| error trapping | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| excitation | concept | the disturbed or altered condition resulting from stimulation of an individual, organ, tissue, or cell. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| excitement | concept | the act of exciting; the state of being excited; aroused, augmented, or abnormal activity of an organism or functioning of an organ or part; extreme motor hyperactivity. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| executive control | concept | A top-down system that manages and controls other cognitive processes, allowing goal-directed behavior. |
| executive function | concept | A top-down system that manages and controls other cognitive processes, allowing goal-directed behavior. |
| expertise | concept | expert opinion or commentary, the skill of an expert. (From merriam-webster.com) |
| explicit knowledge | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| explicit learning | concept | Acquisition of skills and/or knowledge actively and with awareness. Typically such learning is accompanied by meta-awareness - individuals can explain how they acquired the skill/knowledge. |
| explicit memory | concept | the conscious, intentional recollection of previous experiences and information. (from Wikipedia) |
| Extradimensional shift task | task | A task in which multiple (typically two) stimuli are presented simultaneously and the subject must select the stimulus that matches the currently relevant rule. The relevant rule alternates or "shifts" among multiple (typically two) rules... |
| extrinsic motivation | concept | motivated by external factors, as opposed to the internal drivers of intrinsic motivation. Extrinsic motivation drives one to do things for tangible rewards or pressures. (from http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/extrinsic_motivation... |
| eye contact | concept | a meeting of the eyes between two individuals; a form of nonverbal communication and is thought to have a large influence on social behavior. (from Wikipedia) |
| eye movement | concept | the voluntary or involuntary movement of the eyes, helping in acquiring, fixating and tracking visual stimuli. It may also compensate for a body movement, such as when moving the head. (from Wikipedia) |
| face n-back task | task | Task in which face stimuli are presented one at a time in a continuous stream, and the objective is to detect faces that repeat every n trials. |
| face perception | concept | The process by which the brain and mind interpret and understand a visual face stimulus. |
| face recognition | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| facial expression | concept | are a form of nonverbal communication resulting from one or more motions or positions of the muscles of the face; these movements convey the emotional state of the individual to observers. (From Wikipedia) |
| Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence | task | a standard instrument for assessing the intensity of physical addiction to nicotine. (from http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000801/579.html) |
| false memory | concept | a series of suggestions and cues that cause a person to believe an event occurred, when in fact did not. (from medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com) |
| familiarity | concept | the quality or state of being familiar; a state of close relationship; close acquaintance with something. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| fear | concept | to have a reverential awe of; to be afraid of. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| feature detection | concept | a process by which specialized nerve cells in the brain respond to specific features of a visual stimulus, such as lines, edges, angle, or movement. (from Wikipedia) |
| feature extraction | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| feedback | concept | the return to the input of a part of the output of a machine, system, or process; the partial reversion of the effects of a process to its source or to a preceding stage; the transmission of evaluative or corrective information about an action, event, or process to the original or controlling source... |
| figure ground | concept | The categorized representation of visual stimuli based on differences in contrast. |
| figure ground relations | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| figure ground reversal | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| figure ground segregation | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| fillers | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| filtering | concept | a device or process that removes from a signal some unwanted component or feature. (from Wikipedia) |
| fixation | concept | the state in which an individual becomes obsessed with an attachment to another human, an animal, or an inanimate object; maintaining the gaze in a constant direction. (from Wikipedia) |
| fixed action patterns | concept | an instinctive behavioral sequence that is indivisible and runs to completion. (from Wikipedia) |
| fluid intelligence | concept | a factor of general intelligence originally identified by Raymond Cattell; Cattell defined fluid intelligence as "…the ability to perceive relationships independent of previous specific practice or instruction concerning those relationships... |
| focus | concept | a localized area of disease or the chief site of a generalized disease or infection; a center of activity, attraction, or attention; a point of concentration. (From merriam-webster.com) |
| focused attention | concept | the ability to respond discretely to specific visual, auditory or tactile stimuli. (from Wikipedia) |
| forgetting | concept | losing the remembrance of, unable to think of or recall; treating with inattention or disregard. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| form perception | concept | the sensory discrimination of a pattern, shape or outline. (from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2007/MB_cgi) |
| formant | concept | a characteristic component of the quality of a speech sound, specifically: any of several resonance bands held to determine the phonetic quality of a vowel. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| formant frequency | concept | an amplitude peak in the frequency spectrum of an acoustic resonance. (from Wikipedia) |
| Forward digit span task | task | A method of short-term memory measurement in which a person listens to someone say a series of single-digit numbers and must repeat them back in the same order they were given. |
| framing | concept | Framing is a method of biasing opinions- a framing effect occurs when the description of information, such as a speaker presenting an issue, has an emphasis on a subset of potentially relevant considerations and causes individuals to focus on these considerations when constructing their opinions. |
| fricative | concept | (phonetics) Any of several sounds produced by air flowing through a constriction in the oral cavity and typically producing a sibilant, hissing, or buzzing quality; a fricative consonant. English F and S are fricatives... |
| frustration | concept | a deep chronic sense or state of insecurity and dissatisfaction arising from unresolved problems or unfulfilled needs. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| function word | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| functional fixedness | concept | a cognitive bias that limits a person to using an object only in the way it is traditionally used. (from Wikipedia) |
| future tense | concept | a verb form that marks the event described by the verb as not having happened yet, but expected to happen in the future (in an absolute tense system), or to happen subsequent to some other event, whether that is past, present, or future (in a relative tense system)... |
| gag reflex | concept | a reflex contraction of the back of the throat, evoked by touching the soft palate; it prevents something from entering the throat except as part of normal swallowing and helps prevent choking. (From Wikipedia) |
| galvanic skin response | concept | A measurement of electrical resistance of skin. |
| gaze | concept | to fix the eyes in a steady intent look often with eagerness or studious attention. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| gender | concept | the behavioral, cultural, or psychological traits typically associated with one sex. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| generalization | concept | the act or process whereby a learned response is made to a stimulus similar to but not identical with the conditioned stimulus. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| generic knowledge | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| gestalt | concept | a collection of physical, biological, psychological or symbolic entities that creates a unified concept, configuration or pattern which is greater than the sum of its parts (of a character, personality, or being)... |
| gesture | concept | A physical movement that is used for a communicative purpose |
| glottal stop | concept | a plosive speech sound produced as the sudden onset of a vowel in several languages, such as German, by first tightly closing the glottis and then allowing the air pressure to build up in the trachea before opening the glottis, causing the air to escape with force... |
| Go/no-go task | task | A task in which stimuli are presented in a continuous stream and participants perform a binary decision on each stimulus. One of the outcomes requires participants to make a motor response (go), whereas the other requires participants to withhold a response (no-go)... |
| goal | concept | The desired end-point of behavior(s). |
| goal formation | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| goal maintenance | concept | The maintenance of information regarding task goals in working memory. |
| goal management | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| goal state | concept | a desired state reached through a sequence of operations. (from 2 sources (1)http://www.thwink.org/sustain/glossary/SystemImprovementProcess.htm, (2)http://www.co-bw.com/BSC_CPS_working_def_problem_solving... |
| grammar | concept | the set of structural rules that govern the composition of sentences, phrases, and words in any given natural language. (From Wikipedia) |
| grammatical encoding | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| grammaticality | concept | of or relating to grammar; conforming to the rules of grammar. (From merriam-webster.com) |
| grapheme | concept | a unit (as a letter or digraph) of a writing system; the set of units of a writing system (as letters and letter combinations) that represent a phoneme. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| graphemic buffer | concept | a component dedicated to the temporary storage of abstract orthographic representations prior to their format-specific expression in spelling. (from http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/psych/paph/2003/00000017/F0020006/art00002) *(Tainturier, M... |
| grasping | concept | to take or seize eagerly; to clasp or embrace especially with the fingers or arms; to lay hold of with the mind; desiring material possessions urgently and excessively and often to the point of ruthlessness... |
| Gray Oral Reading Test4 | task | measures growth in oral reading and aids in the diagnosis of oral reading difficulties. Five scores provide information on oral reading skills in terms of: Rate, accuracy, fluency, comprehension, overall reading ability, and comprehension... |
| grief | concept | deep and poignant distress caused by or as if by bereavement. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| gustation | concept | Form of chemoreception that facilitates taste perception. |
| gustatory learning | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| gustatory memory | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| gustatory perception | concept | the sensation that results when taste buds in the tongue and throat convey information about the chemical composition of a soluble stimulus. (from www.websters-online-dictionary.org) |
| habit | concept | An acquired pattern of behavior that often occurs automatically and is reliably triggered by some event or stimulus. |
| habit learning | concept | Gaining knowledge or skill through repetitious behavior. |
| habit memory | concept | occurs when information is stored subconsciously, through repetition and trial-and-error learning. (from http://www.news-medical.net/news/2005/07/27/12074.aspx?page=2) |
| hallucination | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| happiness | concept | a state of mind or feeling characterized by contentment, love, satisfaction, pleasure, or joy. (from Wikipedia) |
| hearing | concept | the process, function, or power of perceiving sound; the special sense by which noises and tones are received as stimuli. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| hedonism | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| heuristic search | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| hill climbing | concept | A fast but sometimes unreliable optimization method. When searching for the minimum/maximum value of a function a random step is taken; if the value improves it replaces the current value, then another random step is taken... |
| homonym | concept | A word that sounds exactly the same as another word and also has the same spelling have different meanings, e.g. club as a place to dance vs. club as a large stick |
| homophone | concept | A word that is pronounced the same as another word but has a different meaning, such as "nun" and "none". |
| homunculus | concept | An illustration of the amount of physical brain matter devoted to sensory or motor representations of the specific parts of the body |
| Hooper Visual Organization Test | task | a neuropsychological test of visual spatial ability that presents participants with a line drawing of a common object that has been broken into fragments, and asks participants to name what the object would be if reassembled. |
| humiliation | concept | to reduce to a lower position in one's own eyes or others' eyes. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| humor | concept | the tendency of particular cognitive experiences to provoke laughter and provide amusement. (from Wikipedia) |
| hypernym | concept | A linguistic term for a word whose meaning includes the meanings of other words. (from http://grammar.about.com/od/fh/g/hypernym.htm) |
| iconic memory | concept | very brief sensory memory of some visual stimuli, that occur in the form of mental pictures. (from alleydog.com) |
| idiom | concept | the language peculiar to a people or to a district, community, or class; an expression in the usage of a language that is peculiar to itself either grammatically (as no, it wasn't me) or in having a meaning that cannot be derived from the conjoined meanings of its elements (as Monday week for “the Monday a week after next Monday”)... |
| illocutionary force | concept | a speaker's intention in delivering an utterance. (from grammar.about.com) |
| imageability | concept | is a property of a word or concept reflecting how easy or difficult it is to visually imagine. |
| imagery | concept | an experience that, on most occasions, significantly resembles the experience of perceiving some object, event, or scene, but occurs when the relevant object, event, or scene is not actually present to the senses... |
| immediate recall test | task | No definition submitted yet |
| implicit knowledge | concept | knowledge that is kept in a person’s mind without necessarily being expressed in words and is often acted on instinctively. (from hrdictionary.com) |
| implicit memory | concept | Type of memory in which experiences increases performance of task without one's conscious awareness of these previous experiences. This type of memory applies to habit learning, skills, conditioning. |
| imprinting | concept | a rapid learning process that takes place early in the life of a social animal and establishes a behavior pattern (as recognition of and attraction to its own kind or a substitute) (From Merriam-Webster Online) |
| inattention | concept | The failure to process an external stimulus (often refers to sensory stimuli). |
| incidental learning | concept | Learning without explicit knowledge of doing so, but occurring through interaction with the environment (e.g., by observation/copying of behavior or response to reinforcement). |
| incubation | concept | (psychology) the process of thinking about a problem subconsciously while being involved in other activities; (medical) the time between being exposed to infection and showing first symptoms. (from Wikipedia) |
| indignation | concept | anger aroused by something unjust, unworthy, or mean. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| induction | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| inductive inference | concept | theory of prediction based on observations. (from Wikipedia) |
| inductive reasoning | concept | reasoning from a specific case or cases and deriving a general rule, drawing inferences from observations in order to make generalizations. (from changingminds.org) |
| inference | concept | the act of passing from one proposition, statement, or judgment considered as true to another whose truth is believed to follow from that of the former; the act of passing from statistical sample data to generalizations (as of the value of population parameters) usually with calculated degrees of certainty... |
| infinitive | concept | a verb form normally identical in English with the first person singular that performs some functions of a noun and at the same time displays some characteristics of a verb and that is used with 'to' (as in “I asked him to go”) except with auxiliary and various other verbs (as in “no one saw him leave”)... |
| inflection | concept | is marking a word with an affix to indicate its grammatical category such as tense, mood, voice, aspect, person, number, gender and case. |
| inhibition | concept | The process by which a response (neural or behavioral) is diminished. |
| inhibition of return | concept | the observation that the speed and accuracy with which an object is detected are first briefly enhanced (for perhaps 100-300 milliseconds) after the object is attended, and then detection speed and accuracy are impaired (for perhaps 500-3000 milliseconds)... |
| insight | concept | In problem solving, the moment at which an underlying relation between cause and effect is discovered/identified. |
| instinct | concept | a natural or inherent aptitude, impulse, or capacity; a largely inheritable and unalterable tendency of an organism to make a complex and specific response to environmental stimuli without involving reason, behavior that is mediated by reactions below the conscious level... |
| instrumental conditioning | concept | A learning process in which the consequences of an action are used to modify the likelihood that that action will reoccur. |
| instrumental learning | concept | learning based on reward; a form of learning that takes place as a direct consequence of a reward or pleasant outcome for the learner. (from http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861692504/instrumental_learning... |
| integration | concept | the act or process or an instance of integrating; coordination of mental processes into a normal effective personality or with the individual's environment; the operation of finding a function whose differential is known... |
| intelligence | concept | the ability to learn or understand or to deal with new or trying situations; the skilled use of reason; the ability to apply knowledge to manipulate one's environment or to think abstractly as measured by objective criteria; the ability to perform computer functions... |
| intension | concept | a determination to act in a certain way; what one intends to do or bring about. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| intention | concept | an act or instance of determining mentally upon some action or result; meaning or significance. (From dictionary.com) |
| intentional forgetting | concept | the purposeful forgetting of information that is no longer needed. (from http://myweb.dal.ca/ttaylor2/) |
| intentional learning | concept | learning that is motivated with intention and is usually goal directed. (from psycholgia.wikia.com) |
| intentionality | concept | the state of having or being formed by an intention; (philosophy) the property of being about or directed toward a subject, as inherent in conscious states, beliefs, or creations of the mind, such as sentences or books... |
| interference | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| interference resolution | concept | The process of selecting information with regard to its relevance to an ongoing task. |
| intermediate term memory | concept | a specialized term referring for information about a current task. (from http://www.memorylossonline.com/glossary/memory.html) |
| internal speech | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| International Affective Picture System | task | a database of photographs used in emotion research. (from psychology.wikia.com) |
| interrogative | concept | of, pertaining to, or conveying a question. (From dictionary.reference.com) |
| intonation | concept | the ability to play or sing notes in tune; manner of utterance, specifically the rise and fall in pitch of the voice in speech. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| Intradimensional shift task | task | A task in which multiple (typically two) stimuli are presented simultaneously and the subject must select the stimulus that matches the currently relevant rule. The rule represents the relevant task "dimension"... |
| intrinsic motivation | concept | a highly desired form of incentive that stems from a person's internal desire for self-satisfaction or pleasure in performing the task itself. (from about.com) |
| introspection | concept | the self-observation and reporting of conscious inner thoughts, desires and sensations. It is a conscious mental and usually purposive process relying on thinking, reasoning, and examining one's own thoughts, feelings... |
| involuntary attention | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| Iowa Gambling Task | task | No definition submitted yet |
| irony | concept | a situation, literary technique, or rhetorical device, in which there is an incongruity or discordance that goes strikingly beyond the most simple and evident meaning of words or actions. (from Wikipedia) |
| Ishihara plates for color blindness | task | a test for red-green color deficiencies that consists of a number of colored plates, called Ishihara plates, each of which contain a circle of dots appearing randomized in color and size. Within the pattern are dots which form a number visible to those with normal color vision and invisible, or difficult to see, for those with a red-green color vision defect... |
| jargon | concept | the technical terminology or characteristic idiom of a special activity or group; confused unintelligible language; obscure and often pretentious language marked by circumlocutions and long words. (from merriam-webster... |
| Joint Attention | concept | the process of alerting one person to a stimulus through nonverbal cues such as finger pointing or gazing. It is one of the first signs of the development of a theory of mind in babies and serves as an important step to later language and social development. |
| judgment | concept | a formal utterance of an authoritative opinion; the process of forming an opinion or evaluation by discerning and comparing, an opinion or estimate so formed; a proposition stating something believed or asserted... |
| Kanizsa figures | task | An ambiguous figure in which the illusory contour of a square (or triangle) appears in the middle of four (or three) truncated solid squares (or circles). It is an illustration of the perceptual ability to make sense of an incomplete figure by creating a 'whole' image from the separate elements (Gestalt organization)... |
| keep-track task | task | A task in which subjects are first shown a set of categories to keep track of for a particular trial (e.g., animals, colors, and countries). They are then presented with words (including words from each category), and must remember the last word that was presented from each of the categories and recall those words at the end of the trial... |
| kinaesthetic representation | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| kinesthesia | concept | a sense mediated by receptors located in muscles, tendons, and joints and stimulated by bodily movements and tensions. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| knowledge | concept | expertise, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject; what is known in a particular field or in total; facts and information; awareness or familiarity gained by experience of a fact or situation... |
| labial | concept | uttered with the participation of one or both lips. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| labiodental | concept | consonants articulated with the lower lip and the upper teeth. (from Wikipedia) |
| language | concept | The mental ability to encode and decode information, and translate this information into verbal, acoustic and visual representations, according to a set of rules that are common across a population. |
| language acquisition | concept | the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive, produce and use words to understand and communicate. (From Wikipedia) |
| language comprehension | concept | The ability to understand communication from others, such as speech, written text, gestures, or sign language. (from http://www.mondofacto.com/facts/dictionary?language+comprehension) |
| language learning | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| language processing | concept | the way human beings process speech or writing and understand it as language. (From Wikipedia) |
| language production | concept | is translating a concept or set of ideas into spoken, signed or written form |
| laryngeal | concept | of, relating to, or used on the larynx; produced by or with constriction of the larynx. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| late closure | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| lateral inhibition | concept | the capacity of an excited neuron to reduce the activity of its neighbors. (From Wikipedia) |
| learning | concept | The process of acquiring new skills/knowledge/information |
| lemma | concept | a proposition proved, or sometimes assumed, to be true and used in proving a theorem; the subject of a composition, gloss, or note, esp. when used as a heading; a term glossed in a list. (from yourdictionary... |
| letter fluency test | task | No definition submitted yet |
| letter n-back task | task | A task in which participants view a continuous stream of letter stimuli. The object of the task is to identify letter repetitions that occur n-trials preceding to the current stimulus. |
| Letter naming task | task | No definition submitted yet |
| letter number sequencing | task | a task that requires the reordering of an initially unordered set of letters and numbers |
| lexical access | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| lexical ambiguity | concept | the presence of two or more possible meanings within a single word. (from grammar.about.com) |
| Lexical decision task | task | a procedure used in many psychology and psycholinguistics experiments; the basic procedure involves measuring how quickly people classify stimuli as words or nonwords. Subjects are presented, either visually or auditorily, with a mixture of words and pseudowords (nonsense strings that respect the phonotactic rules of a language, like trud in English)... |
| lexical encoding | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| lexical processing | concept | A general term referring to the processing of single words, typically in the context of visual or auditory word recognition. |
| lexical retrieval | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| lexicon | concept | The vocabulary of a language, including its words and expressions. |
| linguistic competence | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| listening | concept | to pay attention to sound; to hear something with thoughtful attention, give consideration; to be alert to catch an expected sound. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| listening span task | task | A task in which subjects must listen to a set of sentences and remember the last word in the sentence. The number of words that can be recalled is the "listening span." |
| logic | concept | a science that deals with the principles and criteria of validity of inference and demonstration; the science of the formal principles of reasoning. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| logical reasoning | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| logical thinking | concept | the process in which one uses reasoning consistently to come to a conclusion. (from http://www.learninginfo.org/logical-thinking.htm) |
| long term memory | concept | a system for permanently storing, managing, and retrieving information for later use, items of information stored as long-term memory may be available for a lifetime. (from http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art... |
| loss aversion | concept | The tendency of individuals to be more sensitive to the possibility of losing objects or money than they are to the possibility of gaining the same objects or amounts of money. |
| lying | concept | marked by or containing falsehoods. (from merriam-webster.com) a horizontal position. (from Wikipedia) |
| maintenance | concept | The process of keeping information in active and immediately accessible state. |
| manipulation | concept | to treat or operate with or as if with the hands or by mechanical means especially in a skillful manner; to manage or utilize skillfully; to control or play upon by artful, unfair, or insidious means especially to one's own advantage; to change by artful or unfair means so as to serve one's purpose... |
| mastication | concept | the process by which food is crushed and ground by teeth. (from Wikipedia) |
| matching pennies game | task | The game is played between two players, Player A and Player B. Each player has a penny and must secretly turn the penny to heads or tails. The players then reveal their choices simultaneously. If the pennies match (both heads or both tails), Player A receives one dollar from Player B (+1 for A, -1 for B)... |
| mathematical reasoning | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory | task | assess obsessive-compulsive symptoms in the areas of contamination fears and washing behaviors, checking, and worries using 30 dichotomously scored (true/false) items. (from http://www.ocdhope.com/obsessive-compulsive-disorder... |
| meaning | concept | the thing one intends to convey especially by language; something meant or intended; significant quality; implication of a hidden or special significance; the logical connotation of a word or phrase; the logical denotation or extension of a word or phrase... |
| mechanical reasoning | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| melody | concept | (Also tune, voice, or line), is a linear succession of musical tones which is perceived as a single entity. (From Wikipedia) |
| memory | concept | The ability of an organism to use past events to inform/influence current actions |
| memory acquisition | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| memory consolidation | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| memory decay | concept | the loss of memory over time. (From psychology.wikia.com) |
| memory retrieval | concept | 4 different processes of accessing stored memories: recall, recollection, recognition, relearning. (from psychology.about.com) |
| memory storage | concept | The representation of information in the brain in a form that enables potential retrieval at a later time. |
| memory trace | concept | A residual, and often decayed, neural representation of previous knowledge or experience. |
| mental arithmetic | concept | mathematical calculations done mentally, without writing them down. |
| mental imagery | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| mental representation | concept | a presentation to the mind in the form of an idea or image. (from thefreedictionary.com) |
| mental rotation | concept | Ability to rotate an object in one's mind; ability to make perceptual judgments on a new spatial configuration of an object. |
| metacognition | concept | awareness or analysis of one's own learning or thinking processes. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| metacognitive skill | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| metamemory | concept | the learners' awareness of and knowledge about their own memory systems and strategies for using their memories effectively; includes: awareness of different memory strategies, knowledge of which strategy to use for a particular memory task, and knowledge of how to use a given memory strategy most effectively... |
| metaphor | concept | a figure of speech in which a word or phrase literally denoting one kind of object or idea is used in place of another to suggest a likeness or analogy between them. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| MicroCog | task | Overview The first automated neuropsychological battery developed for clinical practice-fast, reliable, extremely efficient Target specific concerns of cognitive impairment in adults with the updated MicroCog™: Assessment of Cognitive Functioning Windows® Edition (MicroCog™ for Windows®)... |
| Mini Mental State Examination | task | The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) or Folstein test is a brief 30-point questionnaire test that is used to screen for cognitive impairment. It is commonly used in medicine to screen for dementia... |
| misattribution | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| monitoring | concept | to watch, keep track of, or check usually for a special purpose. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| mood | concept | a conscious state of mind or predominant emotion. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| morpheme | concept | is the smallest linguistic unit that has semantic meaning |
| morphological processing | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| morphology | concept | (linguistics) the study of the structure and content of word forms; (biology) the study of the form or shape of an organism or part thereof; (materials science), the study of shape, size, texture and phase distribution of physical objects... |
| motor control | concept | The function of supervising motor activities |
| motor execution | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| motor inhibition | concept | The process of attenuating a motor plan. |
| motor learning | concept | the process of improving motor skills, the smoothness and accuracy of movements. (from Wikipedia) |
| motor planning | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| motor program | concept | a distinctive, stereotyped pattern of movement carried out by most healthy members of a species; such behaviors are species-typical but not unique to one species, many are shared by a wide variety of species... |
| Motor response suppression | concept | Active suppression of a motoric action that has already been initiated. |
| motor sequence learning | concept | Serial movement or physical action in a particular order in which a person acquires new skills or knowledge |
| motor sequencing task | task | No definition submitted yet |
| movement | concept | change of place or position or posture; a series of organized activities working toward an objective; the moving parts of a mechanism that transmit a definite motion. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| movement planning | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| n-back task | task | A task in which items (e.g., letters) are presented one at a time and participants must identify each item that repeats relative to the item that occurred "n" items before its onset. |
| naming | concept | to give a name to; to mention or identify by name; to decide on; to mention explicitly (form merriam-webster.com) |
| narrative | concept | a story that is created in a constructive format (as a work of writing, speech, poetry, prose, pictures, song, motion pictures, video games, theater or dance) that describes a sequence of fictional or non-fictional events... |
| nasal | concept | pertaining to the nose and the nasal cavity; a speech sound produced by having air flow through the nose. (from medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com) |
| navigation | concept | The process of controlling the movement of a body/entity/vehicle through space from one point to another. |
| nine-hole peg test | task | a timed test of fine motor coordination; the test involves the subject placing 9 dowels in 9 holes. Subjects are scored on the amount of time it takes to place and remove all 9 pegs. (from http://healthsciences... |
| nociception | concept | the neural processes of encoding and processing noxious stimuli. (From Wikipedia) |
| nominative | concept | marking typically the subject of a verb especially in languages that have relatively full inflection. (From merriam-webster.com) |
| nondeclarative knowledge | concept | The nonconscious or implicit ability to express and practice learned information. (from http://memory.ucsf.edu/glossary.html#nondeclarative_memory) |
| nondeclarative memory | concept | Memory acquired through experience and which can not be consciously articulated (such as by recall or recognition). This type of memory includes priming, conditioning, skill-acquisition, and habits. |
| noun | concept | any member of a class of words that typically can be combined with determiners to serve as the subject of a verb, can be interpreted as singular or plural, can be replaced with a pronoun, and refer to an entity, quality, state, action, or concept... |
| novelty detection | concept | the identification of new or unknown data or signals that a machine learning system is not aware of during training. (from Wikipedia) |
| number | concept | Number is an abstract property of sets. |
| object categorization | concept | of, relating to, or being a speech sound produced by complete closure of the oral passage and subsequent release accompanied by a burst of air, as in the sound (p) in pit or (d) in dog. (from answers.com) |
| object centered representation | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| object detection | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| object identification | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| object manipulation | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| object orientation | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| object perception | concept | The process of transforming basic visual sensory input (such as contrast, edge, motion, color etc) into a more abstract and semantically identifiable whole. |
| object recognition | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| object-discrimination task | task | No definition submitted yet |
| oculomotor delayed response | task | a task that requires an eye movement to be made to a cued location after a delay |
| oddball task | task | A task in which stimuli are presented in a continuous stream and participants must detect the presence of an oddball stimulus. The oddball is a stimulus that occurs infrequently relative to all other stimuli, and has distinct characteristics (e... |
| olfaction | concept | the sense of smell; the act or process of smelling. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| olfactory perception | concept | the sensation that results when olfactory receptors in the nose are stimulated by particular chemicals in gaseous form. (from www.thefreedictionary.com) |
| operation span task | task | A task in which subjects are asked to perform a simple mathematical verification (e.g., 4/2 +1 = 3) and then read a word, with a recall test following some number of those verify/read pairs. The maximum number of words that can be recalled is the "operation span". |
| orthographic lexicon | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| orthography | concept | the art of writing words with the proper letters according to standard usage; the representation of the sounds of a language by written or printed symbols; a part of language study that deals with letters and spelling... |
| pain | concept | An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage. |
| palatal | concept | formed with some part of the tongue near or touching the hard palate posterior to the teethridge; of, relating to, forming, or affecting the palate. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| Pantomime Task | task | No definition submitted yet |
| Parrott Scale | task | No definition submitted yet |
| parser | concept | In computer technology, a parser is a program, usually part of a compiler, that receives input in the form of sequential source program instructions, interactive online commands, markup tags, or some other defined interface and breaks them up into parts (for example, the nouns (objects), verbs (methods), and their attributes or options) that can then be managed by other programming (for example, other components in a compiler)... |
| parsing | concept | to resolve (as a sentence) into component parts of speech and describe them grammatically; to examine in a minute way, analyze critically. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| passive attention | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| past tense | concept | refers to a form of a verb that indicates that the action already has occurred |
| pattern recognition | concept | The process of identifying a meaningful pattern in raw data. |
| pavlovian conditioning | concept | a form of learning in which either (1) a given stimulus (or signal) becomes increasingly effective in evoking a response or (2) a response occurs with increasing regularity in a well-specified and stable environment... |
| perception | concept | the conscious experience or mental registration of a sensory stimulus |
| perceptual binding | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| perceptual categorization | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| perceptual fluency | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| perceptual identification | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| perceptual learning | concept | long lasting improvement in performing perceptual (visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory or taste) tasks as a function of experience. (from Wikipedia) |
| perceptual similarity | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| perceptual skill | concept | The ability to observe and understand the events surrounding an individual. |
| performance monitoring | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| pharyngeal | concept | of, relating to, located in, or coming from the pharynx. (from medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com) |
| phonation | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| phoneme | concept | any of the abstract units of the phonetic system of a language that correspond to a set of similar speech sounds (as the velar k of cool and the palatal k of keel) which are perceived to be a single distinctive sound in the language... |
| phonemic code | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| phonetics | concept | the system of speech sounds of a language or group of languages; the study and systematic classification of the sounds made in spoken utterance. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| phonological buffer | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| phonological code | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| phonological encoding | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| phonological loop | concept | deals with sound or phonological information and consists of two parts: a short-term phonological store with auditory memory traces that are subject to rapid decay and an articulatory rehearsal component that can revive the memory traces... |
| phonological retrieval | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| phonological working memory | concept | The process of maintaining sound information online for a limited amount of time. |
| phonology | concept | The use of variations in sound to relate and organize meaning in language. |
| phrase | concept | a group of words functioning as a single unit in the syntax of a sentence. (From Wikipedia) |
| picture naming task | task | No definition submitted yet |
| place of articulation | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| planning | concept | the act or process of making or carrying out plans; the establishment of goals, policies, and procedures for a social or economic unit. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| plosive | concept | a consonant sound produced by stopping the airflow in the vocal tract, oral stops with a pulmonic egressive airstream mechanism; used to describe nasal (non-oral) stops (sounds like [n] and [m]). (from Wikipedia) |
| pluperfect | concept | A tense with a perfect aspect, used to refer to an event that has been completed before another past action. |
| plural | concept | of, relating to, or constituting a class of grammatical forms usually used to denote more than one or in some languages more than two; relating to, consisting of, or containing more than one or more than one kind or class... |
| polysemy | concept | The capacity of a word or symbol to have multiple meanings. |
| Positive and Negative Affect Scale | task | A psychometric scale to measure positive and negative affects in individuals, and both as states and traits. |
| Posner cueing task | task | No definition submitted yet |
| posture | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| practice | concept | The repetition of a behavior in order to improve performance. |
| pragmatic inference | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| pragmatic knowledge | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| pragmatic reasoning | concept | Pragmatic reasoning is defined as the process of finding the intended meaning(s) of the given, and it is suggested that this amounts to the process of inferring the appropriate context(s) in which to interpret the given... |
| pragmatics | concept | a branch of semiotic that deals with the relation between signs or linguistic expressions and their users; a branch of linguistics that is concerned with the relationship of sentences to the environment in which they occur... |
| preattentive processing | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| preconscious perception | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| precueing | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| prejudice | concept | preconceived judgment or opinion; an adverse opinion or leaning formed without just grounds or before sufficient knowledge; an irrational attitude of hostility directed against an individual, a group, a race, or their supposed characteristics... |
| preposition | concept | a function word that typically combines with a noun phrase to form a phrase which usually expresses a modification or predication. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| prescriptive grammar | concept | a set of rules and examples dealing with the syntax and word structures of a language, usually intended as an aid to the learning of that language. Prescriptive grammar refers to the structure of a language as certain people (editors and teachers) think it should be used... |
| present tense | concept | A set of rules in language that express actions/states that occur in present time. |
| primary memory | concept | the temporary maintenance system for conscious processing of information. (from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/531745/secondary-memory) |
| proactive inhibition | concept | the forgetting of information due to interference from the traces of events or learning that occurred prior to the materials to be remembered; occurs when in any given context, past memories inhibit an individual’s full potential to retain new memories... |
| proactive interference | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| problem solving | concept | Broadly, the mental processes involved in finding a solution to a problem. |
| procedural knowledge | concept | Knowledge exercised in the performance of a task/activity. Its acquisition or structure is often unavailable to the actor. |
| procedural learning | concept | A non-verbal process of knowledge acquisition. |
| procedural memory | concept | memory for how to do things; procedural memories are automatically retrieved and utilized for the execution of the step-by-step procedures involved in both cognitive and motor skills. (from Wikipedia) |
| procedural rule | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| processing capacity | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| processing stage | concept | A subset of mental operations that are confined some feature space of information within a stream and/or hierarchy of mental operations. |
| pronoun | concept | any of a small set of words in a language that are used as substitutes for nouns or noun phrases and whose referents are named or understood in the context. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| pronunciation | concept | the way a word or a language is spoken, or the manner in which someone utters a word. (from Wikipedia) |
| proper noun | concept | A subject that usually indicates a particular person, place, or object. |
| proprioception | concept | the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. (From Wikipedia) |
| prosodic stress | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| prosody | concept | the rhythm, stress, and intonation of speech. (from Wikipedia) |
| prospective memory | concept | remembering to perform an intended action...prospective memory is self-initiated and does not operate directly on external stimuli. (From Wikipedia) |
| prospective planning | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| prototype | concept | A most common, standard or basic mental representation of some category. |
| pseudohomophone | concept | is a letter string that does not form a word in the language but whose pronounciation based on spelling-to-sound correspondences matches an existing word in the language, e.g. brane |
| pseudoword | concept | a unit of speech or text that appears to be an actual word in a certain language (at least superficially), while in fact it is not part of the lexicon. Within linguistics, a pseudoword is defined specifically as respecting the phonotactic restrictions of a language... |
| Pseudoword naming task | task | No definition submitted yet |
| pyramids and palm trees task | task | a semantic memory test that measures the capacity to access detailed semantic information about words and pictures, necessary for the identification of the analogies, which link conceptually two perceptually, and functionally distinct entities... |
| quantitative skill | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| Rapid Automatized Naming Test | task | A task which involves rapidly naming a series of color blocks, letters, and pictures. |
| Rapid Serial Object Transformation | task | A task where two sets of differently colored superimposed patterns of dots rotate in opposite directions. The participant is asked to pay attention to on set of dots. One of the sets of dots will then move across the screen and the participant must say which direction the dots are moving... |
| reading | concept | Decoding symbols to derive their meaning. |
| reading span task | task | A task that requires participants to read series of unconnected sentences aloud and to remember the final word of each sentence of a series (grouped according to the total number of sentences). With each sentence presented on a card, participants were cued to recall the memorized end-of-sentence words in their original order by a blank card at the end of a series... |
| reasoning | concept | drawing of inferences or conclusions through the use of reason. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| recall | concept | The process of retrieving previously stored information, done without the aid of external cues. |
| recognition | concept | The knowledge or perception that someone or something present has been previously encountered. (from http://medical.webends.com/kw/Recognition%20%28Psychology%29) |
| recognition memory test | task | In a recognition memory test, a participant is presented with some or all of a set of "old" stimuli that were encoded earlier, as well as several "new" stimuli that were not previously presented... |
| reconsolidation | concept | the process of previously consolidated memories being recalled and actively consolidated, it is a distinct process that serves to maintain, strengthen and modify memories that are already stored in the long-term memory... |
| regret | concept | to mourn the loss or death of; to be very sorry for. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| rehearsal | concept | something recounted or told again; a practice exercise. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| rehearsal loop | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| relational learning | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| remembering | concept | the act of recalling to the mind with effort; recalling or becoming aware of suddenly or spontaneously. (from thefreedictionary.com) |
| remote memory | concept | memory for events of long ago as opposed to recent events. (from medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php) |
| repressed memory | concept | A memory (often traumatic) that is unavailable for recall. |
| resource limit | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| resource sharing | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| response inhibition | concept | Suppression of actions that are inappropriate in a given context and that interfere with goal-driven behavior. |
| response selection | concept | The selection of one action from a set of possible actions. |
| retention | concept | a preservation of the aftereffects of experience and learning that makes recall or recognition possible. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| retinotopic map | concept | the orderly mapping of receptive field position in retinotopic coordinates in a brain region. (from www.scholarpedia.org) |
| retrieval | concept | The process of accessing information from memory or other storage devices; the possibility of recovery, restoration, or rectification. (from thefreedictionary.com) |
| retrieval cue | concept | An event or experience that facilitates retrieval of information from long-term memory because of its association to that information. |
| retroactive interference | concept | impeded retrieval and performance of previously learnt information due to newly acquired and practiced information. (from Wikipedia) |
| reversal learning task | task | No definition submitted yet |
| reward | concept | A positive return for performance of a specific behavior. |
| rhyme | concept | correspondence in terminal sounds of units of composition or utterance (as two or more words or lines of verse). (from merriam-webster.com) |
| rhythm | concept | Movement marked by the regulated succession of strong and weak elements, or of opposite or different conditions. While rhythm most commonly applies to sound, such as music and spoken language, it may also refer to visual presentation, as timed movement through space... |
| risk | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| risk seeking | concept | The willingness of an individual to choose an option with a less-than-certain probability of reward over an option with a certain reward of equal or higher expected value. |
| Risky Gains task | task | No definition submitted yet |
| route knowledge | concept | occurs when the knowledge of discrete points in the environment are interconnected to form linear routes through space. (from http://www.ifi.uzh.ch/~krafft/papers/2001/wayfinding/html/node31.html) |
| routine | concept | a regular course of procedure; habitual or mechanical performance of an established procedure; a reiterated speech or formula; a sequence of computer instructions for performing a particular task. (from merriam-webster... |
| rule | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| rule learning | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| saccade | concept | a small rapid jerky movement of the eye especially as it jumps from fixation on one point to another. (From merriam-webster.com) |
| sadness | concept | an emotion characterized by feelings of disadvantage, loss, and helplessness. (from Wikipedia) |
| salience | concept | the state or quality of an item that stands out relative to neighboring items. (From Wikipedia) |
| Salthouse and Babcock Listening Span task | task | No definition submitted yet |
| Same-Different Task | task | A task which assesses shifting attention. In the computerized version of this task, three spaceships appear on a screen and the participant must determine if the spaceships are all different or all the same... |
| schema | concept | a diagrammatic presentation; broadly; a structured framework or plan; a mental codification of experience that includes a particular organized way of perceiving cognitively and responding to a complex situation or set of stimuli... |
| search | concept | to look into or over carefully or thoroughly in an effort to find or discover something; to look through or explore by inspecting possible places of concealment or investigating suspicious circumstances; to look at as if to discover or penetrate intention or nature; to uncover, find, or come to know by inquiry or scrutiny... |
| selective attention | concept | When multiple external sensory inputs are present, the process of dedicating cognitive and perceptual resources to one type/set of input and attenuating receptiveness to other inputs. |
| selective attention task | task | No definition submitted yet |
| self monitoring | concept | measurement of one's own behavior. (from http://www.psywww.com/intropsych/ch05_conditioning/self-monitoring.html) |
| self-ordered pointing task | task | A task in which a set of stimuli is presented, and subjects must point to one stimulus at a time, without ever pointing at the same stimulus twice. |
| semantic anomaly judgement task | task | No definition submitted yet |
| semantic association task | task | No definition submitted yet |
| semantic category | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| semantic knowledge | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| semantic memory | concept | refers to one's conceptual knowledge and includes the meanings of words, factual information about the world, and other information not related to specific events or episodes |
| semantic processing | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| semantic working memory | concept | Working memory for meaning |
| sensory memory | concept | the ability to retain impressions of sensory information after the original stimulus has ceased. (from Wikipedia) |
| sentence | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| sentence completion test | task | a test that provides respondents with beginnings of sentences, referred to as “stems,” and respondents then complete the sentences in ways that are meaningful to them. The responses are believed to provide indications of attitudes, beliefs, motivations, or other mental states... |
| sentence comprehension | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| sentence processing | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| sentence production | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| sequence learning | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| serial learning | concept | The process of acquiring information in sequence and following an order that must be preserved at recall. |
| serial processing | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| serial search | concept | The process of identifying a target within a set of candidate elements by testing the identity of each element against the identity of the sought after target one at a time. |
| set shifting | concept | The process of changing ones behavioral objective. |
| Set-shifting task | task | A task in which participants alternate between two or more judgments typically regarding the same set of stimuli. Accuracy and reaction time are measured for each judgment. |
| shadowing | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| shallow processing | concept | a mode of thinking in which one pays attention only to appearances and other superficial aspects of the material, typically leading to poor memory retention. (from http://psychology.lyana.ca//dictionary/shallow-processing/) |
| shame | concept | a painful emotion caused by consciousness of guilt, shortcoming, or impropriety; a condition of humiliating disgrace or disrepute; something that brings censure or reproach. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| short term memory | concept | A limited-capacity and short-lasting representation of information in the mind. The duration of short-term memory is on the order of seconds, while its capacity is on the order of 4 to 9 independent items. |
| sibilant | concept | having, containing, or producing the sound of or a sound resembling that of the s or the sh in sash. (from merrriam-webster.com) |
| Simon task | task | No definition submitted yet |
| simple reaction time task | task | task that assesses the ability of the subject to respond to an external cue and retrieve a reward. (from http://nbc.jhu.edu/beh/srt.aspx) |
| skepticism | concept | an attitude of doubt or a disposition to incredulity either in general or toward a particular object. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| skill | concept | Proficiency, facility, or dexterity that is acquired or developed through training or experience. (From thefreedictionary.com) |
| skill acquisition | concept | The process of learning to perform a task or set of tasks with increasing facility. Typically implies the formation of procedural (as distinct from semantic or episodic) memories. |
| skill learning | concept | the gradual learning of new skills such as cognitive motor and perceptual skills. (from alzheimers.about.com) |
| social cognition | concept | the encoding, storage, retrieval, and processing, in the brain, of information relating to conspecifics, or members of the same species. (From Wikipedia) |
| social context | concept | the identical or similar social positions and social roles as a whole that influence the individuals of a group. (from Wikipedia) |
| social intelligence | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| somatosensation | concept | the components of the central and peripheral nervous systems that receive and interpret sensory information from organs in the joints, ligaments, muscles, and skin. This system processes information about the length, degree of stretch, tension, and contraction of muscles; pain; temperature; pressure; and joint position... |
| somatosensory perception | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| somatotopic map | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| sonorous | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| source memory | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| source memory test | task | No definition submitted yet |
| source monitoring | concept | The process of identifying the the source or context at acquisition of information that has been stored in memory. |
| Span/Supra-Span Test | task | No definition submitted yet |
| spatial ability | concept | skill in perceiving the visual world, transforming and modifying initial perceptions, and mentally recreating spatial aspects of one's visual experience without the relevant stimuli. (from http://social... |
| spatial attention | concept | The allocation or prioritization of mental resources based on spatial coordinates (with respect to the body, head etc). |
| spatial cognition | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| spatial cueing | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| spatial memory | concept | the part of memory responsible for recording information about one's environment and its spatial orientation. (from Wikipedia) |
| spatial n-back task | task | No definition submitted yet |
| spatial working memory | concept | The ability to maintain online information that relates to space. This process has limited capacity and its contents are not stored permanently. |
| speech | concept | the communication or expression of thoughts in spoken words. (From merriam-webster.com) |
| speech perception | concept | the process by which the sounds of language are heard, interpreted and understood. (from Wikipedia) |
| speech processing | concept | the study of speech signals and the processing methods of these signals. (from Wikipedia) |
| speech production | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| spelling | concept | the writing of a word or words with the necessary letters and diacritics present in an accepted standard order. (From Wikipedia) |
| Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Questionnaire | task | instrument used to measure trait (chronic) anxiety, a general propensity to be anxious, and state (temporary) anxiety, a temporary state varying in intensity, in adults. (from Wikipedia) |
| spreading activation | concept | a method for searching associative networks, neural networks, or semantic networks; the search process is initiated by labeling a set of source nodes (e.g. concepts in a semantic network) with weights or "activation" and then iteratively propagating or "spreading" that activation out to other nodes linked to the source nodes... |
| stereopsis | concept | the process in visual perception leading to the sensation of depth from the two slightly different projections of the world onto the retinas of the two eyes. (from Wikipedia) |
| stereotypes | concept | something conforming to a fixed or general pattern; a standardized mental picture that is held in common by members of a group and that represents an oversimplified opinion, prejudiced attitude, or uncritical judgment... |
| Sternberg delayed recognition task | task | No definition submitted yet |
| stop signal task | task | A task in which an external stimulus signals the participant to interrupt an already-initiated motor response. |
| strategic learning | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| strategy | concept | A plan of action designed to achieve a particular goal (from Wikipedia) |
| stress | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| Stroop task | task | No definition submitted yet |
| Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) Axis I Disorder | task | a diagnostic exam used to determine DSM-IV Axis I disorders (major mental disorders). (from Wikipedia) |
| sublexical route | concept | is a theoretical component of Coltheart's dual-route reading model that refers to using spelling-to-sound correspondences to convert a written word (i.e. orthography) into a spoken word (i.e. phonology)... |
| subliminal perception | concept | a visual or auditory message that is allegedly perceived psychologically, but not consciously. (from marketing.about.com) occurs when a stimulus is too weak to be perceived yet a person is influenced by it... |
| subordinate | concept | placed in or occupying a lower class, rank, or position; inferior; submissive to or controlled by authority. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| subvocal speech | concept | Slight movements of the speech muscles, related to thinking but producing no sound. (from yourdictionary.com) |
| subvocalization | concept | the act or process of inaudibly articulating speech with the speech organs. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| suffix | concept | an affix which is placed after the stem of a word. (from Wikipedia) |
| supervisory attentional system | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| surprise | concept | a brief emotional state that is the result of experiencing an unexpected relevant event. (From Wikipedia) |
| sustained attention | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| swallowing reflex | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| syllable | concept | A unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds (from Wikipedia) |
| symbol-digit substitution | task | No definition submitted yet |
| Symptom Checklist-90-Revised | task | a relatively brief self-report psychometric instrument designed to evaluate a broad range of psychological problems and symptoms of psychopathology. It is also useful in measuring the progress and outcome of psychiatric and psychological treatments or for research purposes... |
| synonym | concept | A word with a meaning that is similar or identical to the reference. |
| syntactic acceptability judgement task | task | No definition submitted yet |
| syntactic parsing | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| syntactic processing | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| syntax | concept | the way in which linguistic elements (as words) are put together to form constituents (as phrases or clauses); a connected or orderly system, harmonious arrangement of parts or elements. (from meriam-webster... |
| task set | concept | The set of rules and/or stimulus-response mappings that define how a task should be performed. |
| Task set reconfiguration | concept | A change in the task set based on some internal or external cue |
| task switching | concept | The process of switching from one task or goal to another, depending on the context or instructions. |
| task-switching | task | A task in which participants alternate between two or more judgments typically regarding the same set of stimuli. Accuracy and reaction time are measured for each judgment. |
| taste aversion | concept | occurs when the taste of a certain food is associated with symptoms caused by a toxic, spoiled, or poisonous substance; generally caused after ingestion of the food causes nausea, sickness, or vomiting... |
| Temporal discounting task | task | No definition submitted yet |
| tense | concept | A set of rules in language that allow for expression of time at which a state/action denoted by some verb occurred. |
| Test of Word Reading Efficiency | task | a nationally normed measure of word reading accuracy and fluency that provides an efficient means of monitoring the growth of two kinds of word reading skills that are critical in the development of overall reading ability: the ability to accurately recognize familiar words as whole units or “sight words” and the ability to “sound out” words quickly... |
| text comprehension | concept | Intentional thinking during which meaning is constructed through interactions between text and reader (from Google Search Link: http://www.dpi.state.nc.us/readingfirst/components/text/) |
| text processing | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| theory of mind | concept | the ability for a person to connect emotional states to themselves and others and understand that other people may have different beliefs, desires, or intentions from one's self. It is intimately connected with the development of a person's ability to analyze and interpret the intentions of others. |
| thermosensation | concept | the sensory perception of thermal stimuli. (from Wiktionary) |
| timbre | concept | the quality given to a sound by its overtones; the resonance by which the ear recognizes and identifies a voiced speech sound; the quality of tone distinctive of a particular singing voice or musical instrument... |
| Tobacco Craving Questionnaire | task | No definition submitted yet |
| tone | concept | vocal or musical sound of a specific quality; a sound of definite pitch and vibration; accent or inflection expressive of a mood or emotion; the pitch of a word often used to express differences of meaning; a particular pitch or change of pitch constituting an element in the intonation of a phrase or sentence; style or manner of expression in speaking or writing; color quality or value, a tint or shade of color; the state of a living body or of any of its organs or parts in which the functions are healthy and performed with due vigor, normal tension or responsiveness to stimuli... |
| tonotopic map | concept | An associative area of the brain that performs a topology preserving mapping of acoustic frequencies on the auditory cortex. (http://www.girardin.org/cgv/report/report-74.html) |
| top down processing | concept | perceptions formed by starting with the larger concept or idea, then working down to the finer details of that concept or idea. (from http://www.alleydog.com/glossary/definition.php?term=Top-Down%20Processing) |
| trace conditioning | concept | a form of classical conditioning in which the presentation of the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus is separated in time by an interstimulus interval. (from http://www.jneurosci.org/cgi/content/short/26/34/8702; doi: 10... |
| Trail Making Test A and B | task | A neuropsychological test in which participants must connect-the-dots (traverse between items) according to some specified order. In Test A these items are numbers (1,2,3 etc.) and the order is determined by increasing magnitude... |
| transformational grammar | concept | a system of language analysis that recognizes the relationship among the various elements of a sentence and among the possible sentences of a language and uses processes or rules (some of which are called transformations) to express these relationships; also called Transformational-generative Grammar... |
| traumatic memory | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| triple code theory | concept | Theory by Dehaene & Cohen (1992) which posits that numerical processing is accomplished through three distinct pathways: a visual code in which numbers are represented as identified strings of digits; an analogical quantity or magnitude code, in which numbers are represented as distributions of activation on an oriented number line; and a verbal code in which numbers are represented as a parsed sequence of words. |
| uncertainty | concept | The condition of being uncertain; (Statistics) the estimated amount or percentage by which an observed or calculated value may differ from the true value. (from thefreedictionary.com) |
| unconscious process | concept | a mental process that you are not directly aware of. (From thefreedictionary.com) |
| Underlining Test | task | This test involves finding and underlining stimuli that are among other stimuli. There are four conditions of the test: finding and underlining letters among other letters, drawings among other drawings, real words among nonsense letter strings, and then specific nonsense words among others... |
| Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale | task | a rating scale used to follow the longitudinal course of Parkinson's disease, made up of the following sections: (1)evaluation of Mentation, behavior, and mood, (2)self evaluation of the activities of daily life (ADLs), (3)clinician-scored motor evaluation, (4)Hoehn and Yahr stating of severity of Parkinson disease, (5)Schwab and England ADL scale; these are evaluated by interview and clinical observation... |
| updating | concept | The revision or refreshing of information that is maintained in working memory |
| utility | concept | fitness for some purpose or worth to some end; something useful or designed for use; a program or routine designed to perform or facilitate especially routine operations (as copying files or editing text) on a computer... |
| uvular | concept | consonants articulated with the back of the tongue against or near the uvula, that is, further back in the mouth than velar consonants. (From Wikipedia) |
| valence | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| Vandenberg & Kuse Tasks | task | Paper and pencil Test of mental rotation ability. Participants must are presented with four 3-D block figures and must select 2 from the group which match a reference figure. This test is administered under time contraints... |
| velar | concept | Consonants articulated with the tongue against the back part of the soft palate (the velum) |
| verb | concept | Components of language that express an action/occurrence/state. |
| verbal fluency | concept | the ability to rapidly access your mental vocabulary while talking or writing. (from http://www.lumosity.com/knowledge-center/brain-reference/verbal-fluency/) |
| verbal memory | concept | Recall based on spoken words |
| verbal semantics | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| visual alignment task | task | No definition submitted yet |
| visual attention | concept | two-stage process in which attention is distributed uniformly over the external visual scene and processing of information is performed in parallel, attention is then concentrated to a specific area of the visual scene (i... |
| visual buffer | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| visual imagery | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| visual masking | concept | the reduction or elimination of the visibility of a brief (≤ 50 ms) stimulus, called the “target”, by the presentation of a second brief stimulus, called the “mask”. (from scholarpedia.org) |
| visual memory | concept | a part of memory preserving some characteristics of our senses pertaining to visual experience.(from Wikipedia) |
| visual object recognition | concept | is the process of identifying an object based on its visual attributes |
| visual perception | concept | Ability to interpret information from visible light reaching the eye. |
| visual representation | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| visual search | concept | a type of perceptual task requiring attention that typically involves an active scan of the visual environment for a particular object or feature (the target) among other objects or features (the distractors)... |
| visual working memory | concept | The ability to maintain visual information online for a limited time interval (~ 4 sec). This information has a capacity of ~15 items and is not stored permanently. |
| visuospatial cueing task | task | No definition submitted yet |
| visuospatial sketch pad | concept | The cognitive construct and mental process of temporarily storing visual and spatial information for online use in operations of working memory (c.f., Alan Baddeley) . |
| vocabulary | concept | a list or collection of words or of words and phrases usually alphabetically arranged and explained or defined; a sum or stock of words employed by a language, group, individual, or work or in a field of knowledge; a list or collection of terms or codes available for use... |
| vowel | concept | A sound that is part of language and is produced with an open vocal tract, so there is no obstruction of air pressure at any point above the glottis. |
| Warrington's Face/Word Recognition Test | task | No definition submitted yet |
| Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence | task | The WASI meets the demand for a reliable, brief measure of intellectual ability in clinical, educational and research settings for ages 6 to 89 years. With parallel forms of WAIS-IIIUK and WISC-IIIUK subtests, it offers the clinician a means of reducing practice effects on repeat testing... |
| Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised | task | a general test of intelligence, which Wechsler defined as, "... the global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with his environment." In keeping with this definition of intelligence as an aggregate of mental aptitudes or abilities, the WAIS-R consists of 11 subtests divided into two parts, verbal and performance... |
| Wechsler Adult Intelligence ScaleRevised | task | used with adults ages 16 to 90 and measures cognitive ability using a core battery of 10 unique subtests that focus on four specific domains of intelligence: verbal comprehension, perceptual reasoning, working memory, and processing speed... |
| Wechsler Memory Scale – Fourth Edition | task | Areas of Assessment Updated Test Structure The WMS-IV has had significant changes to the overall test structure. Based on feedback from customers, we are introducing four new subtests and modifying three existing subtests... |
| WISC-R Mazes | task | This task involves completing a series of increasingly complex mazes. |
| Wisconsin Card Sorting test | task | The participant is presented with stimulus cards with shapes on them. The cards differ in color of the shapes, number of the shapes, and the form of the shapes. The participant is asked to sort these cards into two piles... |
| wisdom | concept | accumulated philosophic or scientific learning. (from merriam-webster.com) |
| word | concept | something that is said; a speech sound or series of speech sounds that symbolizes and communicates a meaning usually without being divisible into smaller units capable of independent use; a written or printed character or combination of characters representing a spoken word... |
| word attack | task | No definition submitted yet |
| word comprehension | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| word frequency | concept | Disambiguation |
| word frequency (token) | concept | is the number of times (typically per million) that the word appears in print (as estimated from a sizable corpus). Token frequency refers to the number of times the exact word (i.e. the token) appears in print. |
| word frequency (type) | concept | is the number of times (typically per million) that the word appears in print (as estimated from a sizable corpus). Type frequency refers to the number of times a word type appears in print, where a word type includes multiple forms of the same word (e... |
| word generation | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| Word generation task | task | No definition submitted yet |
| word identification | task | No definition submitted yet |
| word order | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| word production | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| word pronunciation | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| word recognition | concept | the ability of a reader to recognize written words correctly and virtually effortlessly. (From http://www.nifl.gov/readingprofiles/MC_Word_Recognition.htm) |
| word repetition | concept | No definition submitted yet |
| word-picture verification task | task | is an experimental paradigm where a picture of an object is presented along with either an auditory or written word and participants indicate whether the word and the picture refer to the same concept... |
| Wordpicture verification task | task | No definition submitted yet |
| working memory | concept | active maintenance and flexible updating of goal/task relevant information (items, goals, strategies, etc.) in a form that resists interference but has limited capacity. These representations may involve flexible binding of representations, may be characterized by the absence of external support for the internally maintained representations, and are frequently temporary due to ongoing interference |
| working memory retrieval | concept | The process of accessing information that is maintained in working memory; the sub-process by which the contents of working memory are accessed. |
| working memory storage | concept | The maintenance of information of working memory; a sub-component of working memory that allows for contents of working memory to be retained. |
| writing | concept | No definition submitted yet |